Biosystems engineering in Serbian society and agriculture: Objectives and activities

Abstract

Ownership of agricultural land in Serbia has been drastically changed recently and the transformation will soon be finished. The farms and farmers are categorized into three groups: company farms, advanced family farms and cooperatives and small farms. The changing of farming practice is, nearby ownership changes, influenced by many other environmental, economic, technological and societal demands. Defined here are five targets of Serbian agriculture of economic, societal and political importance. As the sixth target, the improvement of domestic industry of agricultural machinery and equipment is defined. The objectives of agricultural engineering, more precisely named -Biosystems Engineering, are to fulfill these targets. This requires a complex and multidisciplinary approach. Following issues have to be especially emphasized: environment protection, food safety and quality, profitability of agricultural production and rural development. Based on the defined objectives and major issues, seven fields of the future activities of are defined.

Vlasništvo nad poljoprivrednim zemljištem u Srbiji poslednjih godina brzo se menja, a uskoro će transformacija biti okončana. Imanja su razvrstana u tri glavne grupe: kompanijska, napredna porodična i zadruge i mala. Konstatovano je da na promene u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji utiču, pored promene strukture vlasništva, i mnogi drugi faktori. U radu je definisano pet najvažnijih ciljeva poljoprivrede Srbije, ekonomskih, socijalnih i političkih. Šesti cilj je unapređenje domaće industrije poljoprivrednih mašina i opreme i njeno uključivanje u regionalne i svetske sisteme. Zadaci poljoprivrednog inženjerstva su da deluje na ostvarenju postavljenih ciljeva. Njihovo ostvarenje postaje sve kompleksnije, multidisciplinarno, te u tom smislu novi, široko prihvaćeni naziv oblasti -inženjerstvo biosistema, bolje odražava savremene zadatke struke. Savremenim multidisciplinarnim pristupom ostvarenju ciljeva i zadataka poljoprivrede, industrije i društva posebno je obuhvaćeno: briga o zaštiti životne sredine, zdravstvenoj bezbednosti i kvalitetu hrane, profitabilnosti proizvodnje i rešavanju socijalnih problema ruralnih oblasti. Na osnovu ovih postavki definisano je sedam polja aktivnosti inženjerstva biosistema, sa naznakom koje od njih doprinosi rešavanju pojedinih postavljenih zadataka.