The influence of crop density on hybrid corn grain yield of different FAO maturity groups

Abstract

In two years period (2004-2005) testing of crop density influence on hybrid corn grain yield with different length of vegetation period were carried out. As seeds, 11 perspective corn hybrids with different FAO maturity groups (FAO 400 - ZPSC 434 and PR36 B08; FAO 500 - KWS Luce, LG Aliacan, AGS 500 and GP Rodna; FAO 600 - NS 6010 and PR34 B23; FAO 700 - AGS IN 730, AGS 83A and KWS Kermes), were used from domestic as well as foreign breeding companies present on our market. The hybrids were grown in the recommended (optimal) crop density (G2) for its FAO maturity group, then in crop density of 10 000 plants/ha less (G1) and in crop density of 10 000 plants/ha more (G3) then optimum. Tests were carried out using open field micro tests in agro ecological conditions of South Banat (DD Stari Tamis, Pancevo) and in normal weather regime. The tests were carried out on calcareous tchernozem soil type using split-plot method in three repetitions. Obtained results showed the significant differences in grain yield among tested hybrids as well as the differences inside individual hybrid densities. Average year and density grain yield results for FAO maturity hybrid groups 700 and 600 in comparison to FAO hybrid groups 400 and 500 were higher buy 10.8 - 12.8%. Compared to optimal densities (G2) grain yield from the lower densities (G1) decreased by 5.2% average, while the hybrid yield from the bigger densities (G3) increased by 2.6% in average. Significant interaction between hybrids and crop densities was determined. .

U dvogodišnjem periodu (2004-2005) vršena su ispitivanja uticaja gustine useva na prinos zrna hibrida kukuruza različite dužine vegetacionog perioda. Kao semenski materijal korišćeno je 11 perspektivnih hibrida kukuruza različitih FAO grupa zrenja (FAO 400 - ZPSC 434 i PR36 B08; FAO 500 - KWS Luce, LG Aliacan, AGS 500 i GP Rodna; FAO 600 - NS 6010 i PR34 B23; FAO 700 - AGS IN 730, AGS 83A i KWS Kermes), kako domaćih selekcionih kuća, tako i inostranih kompanija prisutnih na našem tržištu. Hibridi su gajeni u preporučenim (optimalnim) gustinama useva (G2) za svoju FAO grupu zrenja, zatim u gustinama koje su za 10.000 biljaka/ha manje (G1) i gustinama useva koje su za 10.000 biljaka/ha veće (G3) u odnosu na optimum. Ispitivanja su obavljena putem poljskih mikroogleda u agroekološkim uslovima južnog Banata (DD Stari Tamiš, Pančevo) i prirodnom vodnom režimu. Ogledi su izvedeni na zemljištu tipa karbonatni černozem, po metodi razdeljenih parcela (split plot) u tri ponavljanja. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali značajne razlike u prinosu zrna između hibrida obuhvaćenih istraživanjima, kao i između gustina unutar pojedinih hibrida. U proseku za godine i gustine, hibridi FAO grupa zrenja 700 i 600 postigli su veće prinose zrna za 10,8 do 12,8% u poređenju sa hibridima FAO grupa 400 i 500. U proseku za hibride, u manjim gustinama (G1) ostvaren je manji prinos zrna za 5,2%, dok je u većim gustinama (G3) prinos hibrida bio veći za 2,6% u odnosu na optimalne gustine (G2). Utvrđena je značajnost interakcije između hibrida i gustine useva. .