The effect of crown shape on cropping and productive efficacy of peach

Abstract

The paper presents monitoring of effect of the pal spindle, veronese spindle, veronese vase and open center crown shapes on cropping of peach cultivars with different ripening times: Redhaven, Creshaven and Sommerset. The applied spacing in all evaluated variants were 5 x 4 m. The highest yield per tree as well as by hectare were attained with the applied veronese vase crown shape, and the lowest with veronese spindle crown shape. High yield was recorded in cv Redhaven and Cresthaven, and very low yield was observed in cv Sommerset. Yield efficacy presented as yield height per unit of cross-sectional area of the trunk was somewhat higher with application of veronese vase and pal spindle compared with two other crown shapes. Yield efficacy presented in yield per unit of covered soil was very high in pal spindle and veronese vase crown shapes, which, in trees with these crown shapes, ensures more efficient exploitation of soil. Veronese vase also presented positive influence on high quality fruits, whereas the lowest results were achieved in pal spindle crown shape. The highest percentage of superior class fruits was recorded in cv Sommerset, and the lowest in cv Redhaven. In view of the fact that it induced positive effect on yield height, higher percentage of high quality fruits and growing at smaller spacing veronese vase may be applied instead of the standard open center crown.

U radu je praćen uticaj oblika krune: pal špindel, veronsko vreteno, veronska vaza i kotlasta kruna na rodnost sorti breskve različitog vremena zrenja: Redheven, Krestheven i Samerset. Primenjeni razmak sadnje između svih varijanti ispitivanja bio je 5 x 4 m. Najviši prinosi kako po stablu tako i po hektaru postignuti su sa oblikom veronska vaza, a najniži sa oblikom veronsko vreteno. Visoke prinose postigle su sorte Redheven i Krestheven, a veoma niske sorta Samerset. Indeks produkcije po jedinici površine pokrivenog tla bio je veoma visok za stabla sa oblikom pal špindel i veronska vaza, što im omogućava efikasnije iskorišćavanje zemljišnog prostora. Takođe veronska vaza uslovila je veću zastupljenost plodova ekstra i I klase. Najveći procenat plodova ekstra i prve klase imala je sorta Redheven, a najniže sorta Samerset.