Wastewater from dairy plants

Abstract

The problem of pollution and wastewater creation from dairy plants has not been adequately researched in our scientific journals. Problems of wastewater origin and purification were mostly considered. However, modern principles of sustainable development initiate wide aspect of environmental protection. In this way environmental protection becomes component of technological production process which leads to final goal, technology without waste. Sustainable development implies maximum rationalization of consumption of all natural resources, along with maximum recycling or processing in new technological procedures of all byproducts. It demands detail analysis of technological processes, whose goal is to establish critical phases for wastewater origin, prevention and reduction. In this paper, basic principles of production rationalization in dairy industry by applied methodology of critical points determination, waste material origination, waste prevention methods, as well as recycling possibility or waste processing were considered. Also, characteristic data of water consumption, wastewater origin and characteristics are given in this paper. Basic principles of water management and ways of overcoming wastewater problems were also considered.

Problematici nastajanja i zagađivanja otpadnih voda u industriji mleka u domaćoj literaturi nije poklonjena zadovoljavajuća pažnja. Uglavnom su razmatrani problemi nastajanja i prećišćavanja otpadnih voda. Međutim savremeni principi održivog razvoja uvode širi aspekt zaštite životne sredine, kojim ona postaje sastavni deo tehnološkog postupka i koji vodi konačnom cilju, tehnologiji bez otpada. Održiv razvoj podrazumeva maksimalnu racionalizaciju potrošnje svih prirodnih resursa i maksimalnu reciklažu ili preradu u novim tehnološkim postupcima svih pratećih proizvoda. To zahteva detaljnu analizu tehnoloških postupaka s ciljem utvrđivanja kritičnih faza za nastajanje otpadnih proizvoda i sprovođenje mera radi sprečavanja ili smanjenja nastajanja otpada. Poštujući principe održivog razvoja, u ovom radu su razmotreni osnovni principi racionalizacije proizvodnje u industriji mleka primenom metodologije određivanja kritičnih tačaka nastajanja otpadnih materija, načina sprečavanja nastajanja otpada, kao i mogućnosti reciklaže ili prerade otpada, koji se ne može izbeći. U radu su takođe dati karakteristični podaci o potrošnji vode, nastajanju i karakteristikama otpadnih voda. Razmotreni su osnovni principi upravljanja vodom i načinima rešavanja problema otpadnih voda.