Clean technologies in agro industry, and environmental protection in agriculture

Abstract

Within the context of SARD (Sustainable Agriculture Rural Development) climate change intervention has become an area of growing concern for many institutions, especially as there are clear implications to the agricultural sector growth in the developing world. Climate change phenomena can have a substantial impact on agricultural systems and the scientific community has identified large risk factors. Yet, this sector is responsible for 30% of global worming, including deforestation, biomass burning and land use change. This paper highlights technologies and activities in agriculture that could potentially complement and give benefit from their implementation with regards to SARD practices. The paper analyses the changes that SARD activities have initiated in energy efficient agricultural practices and highlights the dual role of sustainable agriculture as both energy supplier and energy consumer. Particular stress is on biomass use as a renewable energy source for producing of biogas and biofuel. The carbon substitution potential in agricultural practices is significant especially as there is generalized need to increase overall agricultural energy inputs to enhance food security and improve productivity.

U kontekstu održive poljoprivrede i ruralnog razvoja, promena klime postaje pitanje, kome se posvećuje velika briga u mnogim institucijama, naročito u oblasti poljoprivrede u zemljama u razvoju. Fenomen klimatskih promena ima suštinski uticaj na poljoprivredne sisteme i naučna zajednica ga je identifikovala kao veliki faktor rizika. Mada je ovaj sektor odgovoran za 30% globalnog zagrevanja uključujući uništavanje šuma, spaljivanje biomase i promene namene zemljišta. U ovom radu se navode tehnologije i postupci koji mogu da daju veliku korist u poljoprivredi u saglasnosti sa praksom održive poljoprivrede i ruralnog razvoja. Izvršena je analiza promena koje navedene aktivnosti omogućavaju, u smislu uvođenja tehnologija koji dovode do povećanja energetske efikasnosti i naglašena je dvostruka uloga poljoprivrede kao snabdevača energijom, a u isto vreme i potrošača energije. Posebno je naglašena uloga biomase kao izvora obnovljive energije za proizvodnju biogasa i biogoriva. Potencijal zamene ugljenika u poljoprivrednoj praksi je značajan, naročito tamo gde postoji potreba za povećanjem energetskih inputa u poljoprivredi radi povećanja produktivnosti i sigurnosti hrane.