Autumn tillage effects on soil compaction in heavy marsh soil

Abstract

Soil compaction caused by traffic of heavy vehicles and machinery results in soil structure deterioration, both in the topsoil and in the subsoil. Changes in agricultural production technique have been dramatic over the past few decades. Tillage intensity has increased or decreased depending on local circumstances, but in all cases there has been a steady upward trend in tractor power and machinery axle load. Increased loads are causing damage to the structure of the soil. This damage has increased the risk of soil erosion and raised the energy demand for cultivation. In this paper using of agricultural mechanization are presents, in heavy soil autumn tillage. Parameters of compaction marsh soil are reviewed. Penetration resistance or soil cone index was measured to quantify the level of soil compaction.

Sabijenost zemljišta prouzrokovana saobraćajem teških vozila i mašina rezultira kvarenje strukture zemljišta, u gornjem (površinskom) i donjem (dubokom) sloju zemljišta. Promene u poljoprivrednoj tehnici su bile velike zadnjih decenija. Intenzitet obrade se povećavao ili smanjivao u zavisnosti od lokalnih okolnosti, ali u svim slučajevima je trend stalnog povećanja snage traktorskog motora i osovinskog opterećenja mašina. Povećanje opterećenja prouzrokuje oštećenje strukture zemljišta, koje povećava rizik od erozije zemljišta i povećava potrošnju energije za obradu. U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja korišćenja sredstava mehanizacije poljoprivrede u jesenjoj obradi teških zemljišta. Prikazani su parametri sabijanja ritske crnice. Otpor penetracije ili zemljišni indeks konusa (CI) je meren za kvantitativno određivanje nivoa sabijenosti zemljišta.