Soil texture of calcaric and non-calcaric rendzina soils in Serbia

Abstract

The present investigation of textures of rendzina soils in Serbia is part of a more comprehensive research into effects of decarbonation and different land uses on physical and chemical characteristics of that widespread soil type in Serbia. Geological parent material was found to have a predominant influence on the texture of rendzina soils. Rendzinas on sandy marl were found to be heavily skeletoidal and skeletoidal sandy loams or skeletoidal clay loams in A horizon and skeletal sandy loams or heavily skeletoid sandy-clay loams in AC horizon. Rendzinas on calcareous gravel are skeletoidal clay loams in A horizon, skeletoidal sandy loams in AC horizon and heavily skeletal sandy loams in C horizon. Rendzinas on unindurated limestone are slightly skeletoidal loams or skeletoidal clay loams. The rendzinas on marl and marly or unindurated limestone are mostly slightly to heavily skeletoidal light clays. Differences in texture between calcaric and non-calcaric soils (the latter containing less skeletal material, i.e. stone and especially gravel, and more clay) were not found statistically significant. Skeletal quality increases with solum depth in non-calcaric rendzinas, and the fine earth fraction has a heavier texture, in contrast to calcaric rendzinas, where the situation is highly heterogenous. Rendzinas under forests were found to be significantly more skeletal than those under grassland and arable land. Little difference in texture was observed in rendzinas under grassland and arable land. .

Ispitivanja mehaničkog sastava u zemljištu tipa rendzina u Srbiji, prikazana u ovom radu, deo su širih istraživanja čiji je cilj bio utvrđivanje uticaja procesa izluživanja i različitog načina korišćenja zemljišta na fizičke i hemijske osobine tog veoma rasprostranjenog tipa zemljišta u Srbiji. U tom smislu, istraživanjima su obuhvaćeni različiti delovi Srbije: Vojvodina - obronci Fruške gore, Šumadija (Topola-Aranđelovac), zapadna Srbija (sliv reke Jablanice, okolina Lajkovca i Valjeva), jugo-zapadna Srbija (Sjeničko-pešterska visoravan), istočna Srbija (okolina Negotina) i jugoistočna Srbija (Niš-Pirot). Terenskim istraživanjima je bilo obuhvaćeno ukupno trideset reprezentativnih profila, od 24 profila karbonatnih rendzina (9 pod šumom, 9 pod travnjakom i 6 pod njivom) i 6 profila izlužene (3 pod šumom, 2 pod travnjakom i 1 pod njivom). Ukupno 51 uzoraka zemljišta iz A ili AC horizonata (ako je razvijen) je analizirano. Preovlađujući uticaj na mehanički sastav ispitivanih rendzina ima geološki supstrat na kojem su obrazovane. Rendzine na peskovitim laporcima su jako skeletoidne i skeletoidne peskovite ilovače ili skeletoidne glinaste ilovače u A horizontu i skeletne peskovite ilovače ili jako skeletoidne peskovito-glinaste ilovače u AC horizontu. Rendzine na karbonatnom šljunku su skeletoidne glinaste ilovače u A horizontu, skeletoidne peskovite ilovače u AC horizontu, a C horizont jako skeletna peskovita ilovača. Rendzine na mekanim krečnjacima su slabo skeletoidne ilovače ili skeletoidne glinaste ilovače. Rendzine na laporcima, laporovitim ili mekanim krečnjacima, su uglavnom slabo do jako skeletoidne lake glinuše. Razlike u mehaničkom sastavu između karbonatnih i izluženih rendzina (izlužene rendzine sadrže manje skeleta: kamena, a naročito šljunka, i više gline) nisu statistički značajne. U izluženim rendzinama sa dubinom soluma povećava se skeletnost zemljišta, a sitne frakcije zemljišta su težeg mehaničkog sastava, za razliku od karbonatnih rendzina gde je stanje veoma heterogeno. Rendzine pod šumom su značajno skeletnije i manje glinovite u poređenju sa rendzinama pod travnjacima i njivama. Rendzine pod travnjacima i njivama ne razlikuju se značajno po mehaničkom sastavu. .