Genetic parameters of the major pomological properties of peach

Abstract

The paper presents the results of genetic analysis of major pomological properties (the number of set and harvested fruits, fruit and stone weight and yield) in peach. The components of total variability and heritability coefficients in wider sense were assessed. Since the breeding is mostly carried out concurrently on several properties, apart from the stated parameters the coefficients of genetic and phenotypic correlations between analyzed properties were assessed. Twenty peach cultivars and two hybrids were used as material. Genetic differences between peach cultivars mostly induced fruit and stone weight variability, while the variations in number of fruit set, harvested fruits and yield were mostly caused by ecological factors. Relatively high values of heritability coefficient were assessed for most properties (74.04 - 96.04%), whereas heritability was moderate only for yield (54.84%).On the basis of the correlation coefficient value, it was determined that the yield was in highly significant or significant genetic correlation to fruit weight (0.851**) and stone weight (0.481*) and that it highly phenotypically correlated to the number of fruit set (0.576*) and fruit weight (0.556*).

Prikazani su rezultati genetičke analize važnijih pomoloških osobina (broj zametnutih i broj ubranih plodova, masa ploda i koštice i prinos) kod breskve. Od genetičkih parametara utvrđene su komponente ukupne varijabilnosti i koeficijenti heritabilnosti u širem smislu. Pošto se oplemenjivanje najčešće vrši istovremeno na više osobina pored navedenih pokazatelja utvrđeni su i koeficijenti genetičkih i fenotipskih korelacija između analiziranih osobina. Kao materijal korišćeno je 20 sorti i 2 hibrida breskve. Genetičke razlike između sorti breskve u najvećem procentu su uslovile varijabilnost mase ploda i mase koštice, dok je variranje broja zametnutih plodova, broja ubranih plodova i prinosa u najvećem procentu bilo uslovljeno ekološkim faktorima. Za većinu osobina ustanovljene su relativno visoke vrednosti koeficijenta heritabilnosti (74,04 - 96,04%), jedino je za prinos heritabilnost bila srednja (54,84%). Ustanovljeno je da je prinos bio veoma značajno ili značajno genetički korelisan sa masom ploda (0,851 **) i masom koštice (0,481 *) i značajno fenotipski korelisan sa brojem zametnutih plodova (0,576*) i masom ploda (0,556*).