Effect of sowing date and plant density on hybrid corn yield under different agroecological conditions

Abstract

The objective was to analyze the affect of sowing date (beginning, mid and end of April) and plant density (G1-54.090-64.000 plants/ha; G2-64.000-74.000 plants/ha; G3-74.000-88.515 plants/ha) on grain yield of a number of hybrids of corn belonging to different FAO maturing groups. At 12 localities in Serbia during 2004 have been conducted large-scale field trials under different agroecological conditions employing different levels of agricultural practices. Based on the grain yield achieved the results obtained were analyzed according to the groups of location. In the first group and with the higher level of agricultural practices have been attained the higher yields on average by 2.430 kg/ha with regard to sowing date and by 3.073 kg/ha with regard to plant density compared with the locations of the second group. With regard to the effect of sowing date, the locations of the first group tended to show then highest average yield at the first sowing (11.199 kg/ha), followed by the second sowing (11.022 kg/ha), the lowest yield was recorded at the third sowing (10.685 kg/ha). In the second group of locations the average hybrid corn yield was the highest at the last sowing (8.985 kg/ha) followed by the second sowing (8.669 kg/ha) and the earliest sowing (8.052 kg/ha). With regard to plant density, increasing plant density tended to increase corn yield in both locations.

U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja uticaja vremena setve (početak polovina i kraj aprila) i gustine useva (G1- 54.090-64.000 biljaka/ha; G2 64.000-74.000 biljaka/ha; G3- 74.000-88.515 biljaka/ha) na prinos zrna većeg broja hibrida kukuruza različitih FAO grupa zrenja. Ispitivanja u makroogledima su obavljena 2004. godine na 12 lokaliteta, širom Republike Srbije, pri različitim agroekološkim uslovima i različitom nivou primenjenih agrotehničkih mera. Prema visini ostvarenog prinosa zrna, dobijeni rezultati su analizirani po grupama lokacija. Na prvoj grupi, sa višim nivoom tehnologije gajenja, postignut je veći prosečan prinos u rokovima setve za 2.430 kg/ha i gustinama useva za 3.073 kg/ha nego na lokacijama druge grupe. Efekat vremena setve bio je takav da je u ogledima prve grupe lokacija postignut najveći prosečan prinos u prvom roku setve (11.199 kg/ha), zatim drugom (11.022 kg/ha), a najmanji u trećem (10.685 kg/ha). Na drugoj grupi lokacija prosečan prinos hibrida kukuruza bio je najveći u poslednjoj setvi (8.895 kg/ha), zatim srednjoj (8.669 kg/ha), a najmanji (8.052 kg/ha) u najranijoj setvi. Efekat gustine useva, kod obe grupe lokacija, bio je takav da je sa povećanjem gustine useva povećavan i prinos kukuruza.