TY  - JOUR
AU  - Skrlep, Martin
AU  - Tomašević, Igor
AU  - Moerlein, Daniel
AU  - Novaković, Saša
AU  - Egea, Macarena
AU  - Garrido, Maria Dolores
AU  - Linares, Maria Belen
AU  - Penaranda, Irene
AU  - Aluwe, Marijke
AU  - Font-i-Furnols, Maria
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://aspace.agrif.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5297
AB  - Simple Summary Introducing alternatives to surgical castration of pigs bring welfare and economical benefits, but also reveal several quality-related issues. Most important is the presence of boar taint, but also includes low quantity and quality of fat, meat texture and color deviations in addition to inferior water binding properties, most of them negatively influencing meat product characteristics. The present paper highlights the important differences between the conventionally used surgical castrates and the most likely introduced alternatives: entire males and immunocastrates. Based on the review of the available research, the possible reasons for quality alterations are elaborated according to the type of meat product and recommendations for improving product quality or preventing boar taint perception are given. Due to the strong public initiative in Europe and increased regulator focus to mitigate pain, surgical castration of pigs is being gradually abandoned, while the importance of other sex categories like entire males (EM) and immunocastrates (IC) increases. Although beneficial for animal welfare and economics, their use also brings forward several quality problems. Besides the occurrence of boar taint in EM, these include excessive carcass leanness, softer fat, meat color and pH deviations, inferior water holding capacity and increased meat toughness. In this paper, the raw material differences between the male sex categories and their influence on product quality are reviewed, and possible solutions are presented. Using EM for dried or thermally processed products may result in lower processing yields and inferior sensory quality, which may partially be prevented by applying specific processing adaptations. Immunocastration is a viable solution, especially when prolonging the vaccination to slaughter interval. Low to medium levels of boar taint can be effectively managed in most of the meat products, applying procedures like cooking, microbial inoculation or masking (by spices and especially smoking), while highly tainted material can be valorized only by combining various methods and/or with dilution of the tainted meat.
PB  - MDPI, BASEL
T2  - Animals
T1  - The Use of Pork from Entire Male and Immunocastrated Pigs for Meat Products-An Overview with Recommendations
IS  - 10
VL  - 10
DO  - 10.3390/ani10101754
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Skrlep, Martin and Tomašević, Igor and Moerlein, Daniel and Novaković, Saša and Egea, Macarena and Garrido, Maria Dolores and Linares, Maria Belen and Penaranda, Irene and Aluwe, Marijke and Font-i-Furnols, Maria",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Simple Summary Introducing alternatives to surgical castration of pigs bring welfare and economical benefits, but also reveal several quality-related issues. Most important is the presence of boar taint, but also includes low quantity and quality of fat, meat texture and color deviations in addition to inferior water binding properties, most of them negatively influencing meat product characteristics. The present paper highlights the important differences between the conventionally used surgical castrates and the most likely introduced alternatives: entire males and immunocastrates. Based on the review of the available research, the possible reasons for quality alterations are elaborated according to the type of meat product and recommendations for improving product quality or preventing boar taint perception are given. Due to the strong public initiative in Europe and increased regulator focus to mitigate pain, surgical castration of pigs is being gradually abandoned, while the importance of other sex categories like entire males (EM) and immunocastrates (IC) increases. Although beneficial for animal welfare and economics, their use also brings forward several quality problems. Besides the occurrence of boar taint in EM, these include excessive carcass leanness, softer fat, meat color and pH deviations, inferior water holding capacity and increased meat toughness. In this paper, the raw material differences between the male sex categories and their influence on product quality are reviewed, and possible solutions are presented. Using EM for dried or thermally processed products may result in lower processing yields and inferior sensory quality, which may partially be prevented by applying specific processing adaptations. Immunocastration is a viable solution, especially when prolonging the vaccination to slaughter interval. Low to medium levels of boar taint can be effectively managed in most of the meat products, applying procedures like cooking, microbial inoculation or masking (by spices and especially smoking), while highly tainted material can be valorized only by combining various methods and/or with dilution of the tainted meat.",
publisher = "MDPI, BASEL",
journal = "Animals",
title = "The Use of Pork from Entire Male and Immunocastrated Pigs for Meat Products-An Overview with Recommendations",
number = "10",
volume = "10",
doi = "10.3390/ani10101754"
}

Skrlep, M., Tomašević, I., Moerlein, D., Novaković, S., Egea, M., Garrido, M. D., Linares, M. B., Penaranda, I., Aluwe, M.,& Font-i-Furnols, M.. (2020). The Use of Pork from Entire Male and Immunocastrated Pigs for Meat Products-An Overview with Recommendations. in Animals
MDPI, BASEL., 10(10).
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101754

Skrlep M, Tomašević I, Moerlein D, Novaković S, Egea M, Garrido MD, Linares MB, Penaranda I, Aluwe M, Font-i-Furnols M. The Use of Pork from Entire Male and Immunocastrated Pigs for Meat Products-An Overview with Recommendations. in Animals. 2020;10(10).
doi:10.3390/ani10101754 .

Skrlep, Martin, Tomašević, Igor, Moerlein, Daniel, Novaković, Saša, Egea, Macarena, Garrido, Maria Dolores, Linares, Maria Belen, Penaranda, Irene, Aluwe, Marijke, Font-i-Furnols, Maria, "The Use of Pork from Entire Male and Immunocastrated Pigs for Meat Products-An Overview with Recommendations" in Animals, 10, no. 10 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101754 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ribani, A.
AU  - Utzeri, Valerio J.
AU  - Geraci, Claudia
AU  - Tinarelli, S.
AU  - Djan, M.
AU  - Velicković, N.
AU  - Doneva, R.
AU  - Dall'Olio, S.
AU  - Costa, L.Nanni
AU  - Schiavo, Giuseppina
AU  - Bovo, Samuele
AU  - Usai, Graziano
AU  - Gallo, Maurizio
AU  - Radović, Čedomir
AU  - Savić, Radomir
AU  - Karolyi, Danijel
AU  - Salajpal, K.
AU  - Gvozdanović, K.
AU  - Djurkin-Kusec, Ivona
AU  - Skrlep, Martin
AU  - Čandek-Potokar, Marjeta
AU  - Ovilo, Cristina
AU  - Fontanesi, Luca
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://aspace.agrif.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5109
AB  - Autochthonous pig breeds are usually reared in extensive or semi-extensive production systems that might facilitate contact with wild boars and, thus, reciprocal genetic exchanges. In this study, we analysed variants in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene (which cause different coat colour phenotypes) and in the nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 (NR6A1) gene (associated with increased vertebral number) in 712 pigs of 12 local pig breeds raised in Italy (Apulo-Calabrese, Casertana, Cinta Senese, Mora Romagnola, Nero Siciliano and Sarda) and south-eastern European countries (Krskopolje from Slovenia, Black Slavonian and Turopolje from Croatia, Mangalitsa and Moravka from Serbia and East Balkan Swine from Bulgaria) and compared the data with the genetic variability at these loci investigated in 229 wild boars from populations spread in the same macro-geographic areas. None of the autochthonous pig breeds or wild boar populations were fixed for one allele at both loci. Domestic and wild-type alleles at these two genes were present in both domestic and wild populations. Findings of the distribution of MC1R alleles might be useful for tracing back the complex genetic history of autochthonous breeds. Altogether, these results indirectly demonstrate that bidirectional introgression of wild and domestic alleles is derived and affected by the human and naturally driven evolutionary forces that are shaping the Sus scrofa genome: autochthonous breeds are experiencing a sort of 'de-domestication' process, and wild resources are challenged by a 'domestication' drift. Both need to be further investigated and managed.
PB  - Wiley, Hoboken
T2  - Animal Genetics
T1  - Signatures of de-domestication in autochthonous pig breeds and of domestication in wild boar populations from MC1R and NR6A1 allele distribution
EP  - 171
IS  - 2
SP  - 166
VL  - 50
DO  - 10.1111/age.12771
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ribani, A. and Utzeri, Valerio J. and Geraci, Claudia and Tinarelli, S. and Djan, M. and Velicković, N. and Doneva, R. and Dall'Olio, S. and Costa, L.Nanni and Schiavo, Giuseppina and Bovo, Samuele and Usai, Graziano and Gallo, Maurizio and Radović, Čedomir and Savić, Radomir and Karolyi, Danijel and Salajpal, K. and Gvozdanović, K. and Djurkin-Kusec, Ivona and Skrlep, Martin and Čandek-Potokar, Marjeta and Ovilo, Cristina and Fontanesi, Luca",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Autochthonous pig breeds are usually reared in extensive or semi-extensive production systems that might facilitate contact with wild boars and, thus, reciprocal genetic exchanges. In this study, we analysed variants in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene (which cause different coat colour phenotypes) and in the nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 (NR6A1) gene (associated with increased vertebral number) in 712 pigs of 12 local pig breeds raised in Italy (Apulo-Calabrese, Casertana, Cinta Senese, Mora Romagnola, Nero Siciliano and Sarda) and south-eastern European countries (Krskopolje from Slovenia, Black Slavonian and Turopolje from Croatia, Mangalitsa and Moravka from Serbia and East Balkan Swine from Bulgaria) and compared the data with the genetic variability at these loci investigated in 229 wild boars from populations spread in the same macro-geographic areas. None of the autochthonous pig breeds or wild boar populations were fixed for one allele at both loci. Domestic and wild-type alleles at these two genes were present in both domestic and wild populations. Findings of the distribution of MC1R alleles might be useful for tracing back the complex genetic history of autochthonous breeds. Altogether, these results indirectly demonstrate that bidirectional introgression of wild and domestic alleles is derived and affected by the human and naturally driven evolutionary forces that are shaping the Sus scrofa genome: autochthonous breeds are experiencing a sort of 'de-domestication' process, and wild resources are challenged by a 'domestication' drift. Both need to be further investigated and managed.",
publisher = "Wiley, Hoboken",
journal = "Animal Genetics",
title = "Signatures of de-domestication in autochthonous pig breeds and of domestication in wild boar populations from MC1R and NR6A1 allele distribution",
pages = "171-166",
number = "2",
volume = "50",
doi = "10.1111/age.12771"
}

Ribani, A., Utzeri, V. J., Geraci, C., Tinarelli, S., Djan, M., Velicković, N., Doneva, R., Dall'Olio, S., Costa, L.Nanni, Schiavo, G., Bovo, S., Usai, G., Gallo, M., Radović, Č., Savić, R., Karolyi, D., Salajpal, K., Gvozdanović, K., Djurkin-Kusec, I., Skrlep, M., Čandek-Potokar, M., Ovilo, C.,& Fontanesi, L.. (2019). Signatures of de-domestication in autochthonous pig breeds and of domestication in wild boar populations from MC1R and NR6A1 allele distribution. in Animal Genetics
Wiley, Hoboken., 50(2), 166-171.
https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12771

Ribani A, Utzeri VJ, Geraci C, Tinarelli S, Djan M, Velicković N, Doneva R, Dall'Olio S, Costa L, Schiavo G, Bovo S, Usai G, Gallo M, Radović Č, Savić R, Karolyi D, Salajpal K, Gvozdanović K, Djurkin-Kusec I, Skrlep M, Čandek-Potokar M, Ovilo C, Fontanesi L. Signatures of de-domestication in autochthonous pig breeds and of domestication in wild boar populations from MC1R and NR6A1 allele distribution. in Animal Genetics. 2019;50(2):166-171.
doi:10.1111/age.12771 .

Ribani, A., Utzeri, Valerio J., Geraci, Claudia, Tinarelli, S., Djan, M., Velicković, N., Doneva, R., Dall'Olio, S., Costa, L.Nanni, Schiavo, Giuseppina, Bovo, Samuele, Usai, Graziano, Gallo, Maurizio, Radović, Čedomir, Savić, Radomir, Karolyi, Danijel, Salajpal, K., Gvozdanović, K., Djurkin-Kusec, Ivona, Skrlep, Martin, Čandek-Potokar, Marjeta, Ovilo, Cristina, Fontanesi, Luca, "Signatures of de-domestication in autochthonous pig breeds and of domestication in wild boar populations from MC1R and NR6A1 allele distribution" in Animal Genetics, 50, no. 2 (2019):166-171,
https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12771 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Munoz, Maria
AU  - Bozzi, Riccardo
AU  - Garcia, Fabian
AU  - Nunez, Yolanda
AU  - Geraci, Claudia
AU  - Crovetti, Alessandro
AU  - Garcia-Casco, Juan
AU  - Alves, Estefania
AU  - Skrlep, Martin
AU  - Charneca, Rui
AU  - Martins, Jose M.
AU  - Quintanilla, Raquel
AU  - Tibau, Joan
AU  - Kusec, Goran
AU  - Djurkin-Kusec, Ivona
AU  - Mercat, Marie J.
AU  - Riquet, Juliette
AU  - Estelle, Jordi
AU  - Zimmer, Christoph
AU  - Razmaite, Violeta
AU  - Araujo, Jose P.
AU  - Radović, Čedomir
AU  - Savić, Radomir
AU  - Karolyi, Danijel
AU  - Gallo, Maurizio
AU  - Čandek-Potokar, Marjeta
AU  - Fontanesi, Luca
AU  - Fernandez, Ana I
AU  - Ovilo, Cristina
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://aspace.agrif.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4698
AB  - The aim of this work was to analyse the distribution of causal and candidate mutations associated to relevant productive traits in twenty local European pig breeds. Also, the potential of the SNP panel employed for elucidating the genetic structure and relationships among breeds was evaluated. Most relevant genes and mutations associated with pig morphological, productive, meat quality, reproductive and disease resistance traits were prioritized and analyzed in a maximum of 47 blood samples from each of the breeds (Alentejana, ApuloCalabrese, Basque, Bisara, Majorcan Black, Black Slavonian (Crna slavonska), Casertana, Cinta Senese, Gascon, Iberian, Kr6kopolje (Kr6kopoljski), Lithuanian indigenous wattle, Lithuanian White Old Type, Mora Romagnola, Moravka, Nero Siciliano, Sarda, Schwabisch-Hallisches Schwein (Swabian Hall pig), Swallow-Bellied Mangalitsa and Turopolje). We successfully analyzed allelic variation in 39 polymorphisms, located in 33 candidate genes. Results provide relevant information regarding genetic diversity and segregation of SNPs associated to production and quality traits. Coat color and morphological trait-genes that show low level of segregation, and fixed SNPs may be useful for traceability. On the other hand, we detected SNPs which may be useful for association studies as well as breeding programs. For instance, we observed predominance of alleles that might be unfavorable for disease resistance and boar taint in most breeds and segregation of many alleles involved in meat quality, fatness and growth traits. Overall, these findings provide a detailed catalogue of segregating candidate SNPs in 20 European local pig breeds that may be useful for traceability purposes, for association studies and for breeding schemes. Population genetic analyses based on these candidate genes are able to uncover some clues regarding the hidden genetic substructure of these populations, as the extreme genetic closeness between Iberian and Alentejana breeds and an uneven admixture of the breeds studied. The results are in agreement with available knowledge regarding breed history and management, although largest panels of neutral markers should be employed to get a deeper understanding of the population's structure and relationships.
PB  - Public Library Science, San Francisco
T2  - Plos One
T1  - Diversity across major and candidate genes in European local pig breeds
IS  - 11
VL  - 13
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0207475
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Munoz, Maria and Bozzi, Riccardo and Garcia, Fabian and Nunez, Yolanda and Geraci, Claudia and Crovetti, Alessandro and Garcia-Casco, Juan and Alves, Estefania and Skrlep, Martin and Charneca, Rui and Martins, Jose M. and Quintanilla, Raquel and Tibau, Joan and Kusec, Goran and Djurkin-Kusec, Ivona and Mercat, Marie J. and Riquet, Juliette and Estelle, Jordi and Zimmer, Christoph and Razmaite, Violeta and Araujo, Jose P. and Radović, Čedomir and Savić, Radomir and Karolyi, Danijel and Gallo, Maurizio and Čandek-Potokar, Marjeta and Fontanesi, Luca and Fernandez, Ana I and Ovilo, Cristina",
year = "2018",
abstract = "The aim of this work was to analyse the distribution of causal and candidate mutations associated to relevant productive traits in twenty local European pig breeds. Also, the potential of the SNP panel employed for elucidating the genetic structure and relationships among breeds was evaluated. Most relevant genes and mutations associated with pig morphological, productive, meat quality, reproductive and disease resistance traits were prioritized and analyzed in a maximum of 47 blood samples from each of the breeds (Alentejana, ApuloCalabrese, Basque, Bisara, Majorcan Black, Black Slavonian (Crna slavonska), Casertana, Cinta Senese, Gascon, Iberian, Kr6kopolje (Kr6kopoljski), Lithuanian indigenous wattle, Lithuanian White Old Type, Mora Romagnola, Moravka, Nero Siciliano, Sarda, Schwabisch-Hallisches Schwein (Swabian Hall pig), Swallow-Bellied Mangalitsa and Turopolje). We successfully analyzed allelic variation in 39 polymorphisms, located in 33 candidate genes. Results provide relevant information regarding genetic diversity and segregation of SNPs associated to production and quality traits. Coat color and morphological trait-genes that show low level of segregation, and fixed SNPs may be useful for traceability. On the other hand, we detected SNPs which may be useful for association studies as well as breeding programs. For instance, we observed predominance of alleles that might be unfavorable for disease resistance and boar taint in most breeds and segregation of many alleles involved in meat quality, fatness and growth traits. Overall, these findings provide a detailed catalogue of segregating candidate SNPs in 20 European local pig breeds that may be useful for traceability purposes, for association studies and for breeding schemes. Population genetic analyses based on these candidate genes are able to uncover some clues regarding the hidden genetic substructure of these populations, as the extreme genetic closeness between Iberian and Alentejana breeds and an uneven admixture of the breeds studied. The results are in agreement with available knowledge regarding breed history and management, although largest panels of neutral markers should be employed to get a deeper understanding of the population's structure and relationships.",
publisher = "Public Library Science, San Francisco",
journal = "Plos One",
title = "Diversity across major and candidate genes in European local pig breeds",
number = "11",
volume = "13",
doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0207475"
}

Munoz, M., Bozzi, R., Garcia, F., Nunez, Y., Geraci, C., Crovetti, A., Garcia-Casco, J., Alves, E., Skrlep, M., Charneca, R., Martins, J. M., Quintanilla, R., Tibau, J., Kusec, G., Djurkin-Kusec, I., Mercat, M. J., Riquet, J., Estelle, J., Zimmer, C., Razmaite, V., Araujo, J. P., Radović, Č., Savić, R., Karolyi, D., Gallo, M., Čandek-Potokar, M., Fontanesi, L., Fernandez, A. I.,& Ovilo, C.. (2018). Diversity across major and candidate genes in European local pig breeds. in Plos One
Public Library Science, San Francisco., 13(11).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207475

Munoz M, Bozzi R, Garcia F, Nunez Y, Geraci C, Crovetti A, Garcia-Casco J, Alves E, Skrlep M, Charneca R, Martins JM, Quintanilla R, Tibau J, Kusec G, Djurkin-Kusec I, Mercat MJ, Riquet J, Estelle J, Zimmer C, Razmaite V, Araujo JP, Radović Č, Savić R, Karolyi D, Gallo M, Čandek-Potokar M, Fontanesi L, Fernandez AI, Ovilo C. Diversity across major and candidate genes in European local pig breeds. in Plos One. 2018;13(11).
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207475 .

Munoz, Maria, Bozzi, Riccardo, Garcia, Fabian, Nunez, Yolanda, Geraci, Claudia, Crovetti, Alessandro, Garcia-Casco, Juan, Alves, Estefania, Skrlep, Martin, Charneca, Rui, Martins, Jose M., Quintanilla, Raquel, Tibau, Joan, Kusec, Goran, Djurkin-Kusec, Ivona, Mercat, Marie J., Riquet, Juliette, Estelle, Jordi, Zimmer, Christoph, Razmaite, Violeta, Araujo, Jose P., Radović, Čedomir, Savić, Radomir, Karolyi, Danijel, Gallo, Maurizio, Čandek-Potokar, Marjeta, Fontanesi, Luca, Fernandez, Ana I, Ovilo, Cristina, "Diversity across major and candidate genes in European local pig breeds" in Plos One, 13, no. 11 (2018),
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207475 . .