@article{
author = "Stanojević, Dušan D. and Rajković, Miloš and Tošković, Dragan V.",
year = "2011",
abstract = "It is estimated that there are more than 550 million road vehicles in the world in everyday use. Annually, 1.3 billion used tyres are dismantled from these vehicles due to safety reasons. A small number of these tyres end up reused as second-hand tyres or, after being retreated, as new ones. The rest are end of life tyres, which are recycled or used as tire derived fuels under controlled combustion conditions. Modern vehicle tyres are a high-technological product containing, on the average, 85% hydrocarbon, 10-15% steel, as well as some other chemical materials. Tyres are high caloric materials, with a calorific value of a passenger car tyre of approximately 30.2 MJ/kg, which is more than of hard coal and comparable to the calorific value of petrol-coke. Having this in mind, many countries use end of life tyres as safe alternative fuel in cement works or power plants. Undeveloped countries dump end of life tyres on legal and illegal scrap stockpiles. End of life tyres, if disposed of correctly, do not endanger the environment because they are chemically inert. However, since they can easily be burnt, there is a real possibility of tyre dump fires, which in effect can lead to harmful products emission that extremely pollute the environment. End of life tyres represent a very important secondary material, which, when recycled, is transformed into a number of raw materials used in rubber industry, for road construction, sports facilities, residential and business buildings, artificial fish habitats in shallow seas, sea walls, steel production, etc. By the industrial procedures of controlled degradation, which have been uneconomical up until now, gaseous and liquid fuel can be obtained by natural rubber, steel and soot recycling. The countries of the EU, together with Norway and Switzerland, were the world leaders in the field of effective end of life tyre management in the year 2009. Out of 2.62 million tonnes of end of life tyres, 95% were restored or used as energents, and 5% settled on dumps. About 26.000 t of used tyres are collected in Serbia each year. In accordance with adopted legal legislations, up to 30% can be used as tire derived fuels while 70% are being recycled. Serbia belongs to the group of countries that have solved the problem of used tyres in a modern way, and in accordance with EU Legislation practice., U radu je razmatrano upravljanje korišćenim gumama u nekim od najrazvijenijih zemalja sveta i Srbiji, sa ciljem da se ukaže na očekivana kretanja u ovoj oblasti u budućnosti. U mnogim zemljama se sa korišćenim gumama nekontrolisano postupa; gume se odlažu na deponije, pa su česti požari sa ozbiljnim posledicama po životnu sredinu. U zemljama gde je pitanje korišćenih guma rešeno na bezbedan način, deo korišćenih guma se direktno ili posle obnavljanja ponovo koristi na vozilima, a ostatak (otpadne gume) prerađuje se u vredne sirovine i proizvode, ili se koristi kao energent. Ovakvim postupanjem rešava se problem odlaganja otpadnih guma i otklanjanju brojni rizici takve prakse. U svetu, u bezbednom upravljanju otpadnim gumama prednjači EU koja sa Norveškom i Švajcarskom zbrinjava 95% otpadnih guma, a slede Japan sa 91% i SAD sa 89%. U Srbiji korišćenim gumama se upravlja na bezbedan način, saobražen sa praksom kakva se primenjuje u razvijenim zemljama. Zbog ubrzanog globalnog iscrpljivanja sirovina, posebno nafte, očekuje se da će otpadne gume u budućnosti imati značaj dragocenog resursa.",
publisher = "Savez hemijskih inženjera, Beograd",
journal = "Hemijska industrija",
title = "Management of used tyres, accomplishments in the world, and situation in Serbia, Upravljanje korišćenim gumama, dometi u svetu i stanje u Srbiji",
pages = "738-727",
number = "6",
volume = "65",
doi = "10.2298/HEMIND110729061S"
}
