TY  - JOUR
AU  - Glavinic, Uros
AU  - Blagojevic, Jovan
AU  - Ristanic, Marko
AU  - Stevanovic, Jevrosima
AU  - Lakic, Nada
AU  - Mirilovic, Milorad
AU  - Stanimirovic, Zoran
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/7/574
UR  - http://aspace.agrif.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6138
AB  - Nosema ceranae is the most widespread microsporidian species which infects the honey bees of Apis mellifera by causing the weakening of their colonies and a decline in their productive and reproductive capacities. The only registered product for its control is the antibiotic fumagillin; however, in the European Union, there is no formulation registered for use in beekeeping. Thymol (3-hydroxy-p-cymene) is a natural essential-oil ingredient derived from Thymus vulgaris, which has been used in Varroa control for decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thymol supplementation on the expression of immune-related genes and the parameters of oxidative stress and bee survival, as well as spore loads in bees infected with the microsporidian parasite N. ceranae. The results reveal mostly positive effects of thymol on health (increasing levels of immune-related genes and values of oxidative stress parameters, and decreasing Nosema spore loads) when applied to Nosema-infected bees. Moreover, supplementation with thymol did not induce negative effects in Nosema-infected bees. However, our results indicate that in Nosema-free bees, thymol itself could cause certain disorders (affecting bee survival, decreasing oxidative capacity, and downregulation of some immune-related gene expressions), showing that one should be careful with preventive, uncontrolled, and excessive use of thymol. Thus, further research is needed to reveal the effect of this phytogenic supplement on the immunity of uninfected bees.
T2  - Insects
T2  - Insects
T1  - Use of Thymol in Nosema ceranae Control and Health
Improvement of Infected Honey Bees
IS  - 7
SP  - 574
VL  - 13
DO  - 10.3390/insects13070574
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Glavinic, Uros and Blagojevic, Jovan and Ristanic, Marko and Stevanovic, Jevrosima and Lakic, Nada and Mirilovic, Milorad and Stanimirovic, Zoran",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Nosema ceranae is the most widespread microsporidian species which infects the honey bees of Apis mellifera by causing the weakening of their colonies and a decline in their productive and reproductive capacities. The only registered product for its control is the antibiotic fumagillin; however, in the European Union, there is no formulation registered for use in beekeeping. Thymol (3-hydroxy-p-cymene) is a natural essential-oil ingredient derived from Thymus vulgaris, which has been used in Varroa control for decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thymol supplementation on the expression of immune-related genes and the parameters of oxidative stress and bee survival, as well as spore loads in bees infected with the microsporidian parasite N. ceranae. The results reveal mostly positive effects of thymol on health (increasing levels of immune-related genes and values of oxidative stress parameters, and decreasing Nosema spore loads) when applied to Nosema-infected bees. Moreover, supplementation with thymol did not induce negative effects in Nosema-infected bees. However, our results indicate that in Nosema-free bees, thymol itself could cause certain disorders (affecting bee survival, decreasing oxidative capacity, and downregulation of some immune-related gene expressions), showing that one should be careful with preventive, uncontrolled, and excessive use of thymol. Thus, further research is needed to reveal the effect of this phytogenic supplement on the immunity of uninfected bees.",
journal = "Insects, Insects",
title = "Use of Thymol in Nosema ceranae Control and Health
Improvement of Infected Honey Bees",
number = "7",
pages = "574",
volume = "13",
doi = "10.3390/insects13070574"
}

Glavinic, U., Blagojevic, J., Ristanic, M., Stevanovic, J., Lakic, N., Mirilovic, M.,& Stanimirovic, Z.. (2022). Use of Thymol in Nosema ceranae Control and Health
Improvement of Infected Honey Bees. in Insects, 13(7), 574.
https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13070574

Glavinic U, Blagojevic J, Ristanic M, Stevanovic J, Lakic N, Mirilovic M, Stanimirovic Z. Use of Thymol in Nosema ceranae Control and Health
Improvement of Infected Honey Bees. in Insects. 2022;13(7):574.
doi:10.3390/insects13070574 .

Glavinic, Uros, Blagojevic, Jovan, Ristanic, Marko, Stevanovic, Jevrosima, Lakic, Nada, Mirilovic, Milorad, Stanimirovic, Zoran, "Use of Thymol in Nosema ceranae Control and Health
Improvement of Infected Honey Bees" in Insects, 13, no. 7 (2022):574,
https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13070574 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Glavinić, Uroš
AU  - Rajković, Milan
AU  - Vunduk, Jovana
AU  - Vejnović, Branislav
AU  - Stevanović, Jevrosima
AU  - Milenković, Ivanka
AU  - Stanimirović, Zoran
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://aspace.agrif.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5952
AB  - Agaricus bisporus water crude extract was tested on honey bees for the first time. The first part of the cage experiment was set for selecting one concentration of the A. bisporus extract. Concentration of 200 µg/g was further tested in the second part of the experiment where bee survival and food consumption were monitored together with Nosema infection level and expression of five genes (abaecin, hymenoptaecin, defensin, apidaecin, and vitellogenin) that were evaluated in bees sampled on days 7 and 15. Survival rate of Nosema-infected bees was significantly greater in groups fed with A. bisporus-enriched syrup compared to those fed with a pure sucrose syrup. Besides, the anti-Nosema effect of A. bisporus extract was greatest when applied from the third day which coincides with the time of infection with N. ceranae. Daily food consumption did not differ between the groups indicating good acceptability and palatability of the extract. A. bisporus extract showed a stimulative effect on four out of five monitored genes. Both anti-Nosema and nutrigenomic effects of A. bisporus extract were observed when supplementation started at the moment of N. ceranae infection or preventively (before or simultaneously with the infection).
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Insects
T1  - Effects of agaricus bisporus mushroom extract on honey bees infected with nosema ceranae
IS  - 10
SP  - 915
VL  - 12
DO  - 10.3390/insects12100915
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Glavinić, Uroš and Rajković, Milan and Vunduk, Jovana and Vejnović, Branislav and Stevanović, Jevrosima and Milenković, Ivanka and Stanimirović, Zoran",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Agaricus bisporus water crude extract was tested on honey bees for the first time. The first part of the cage experiment was set for selecting one concentration of the A. bisporus extract. Concentration of 200 µg/g was further tested in the second part of the experiment where bee survival and food consumption were monitored together with Nosema infection level and expression of five genes (abaecin, hymenoptaecin, defensin, apidaecin, and vitellogenin) that were evaluated in bees sampled on days 7 and 15. Survival rate of Nosema-infected bees was significantly greater in groups fed with A. bisporus-enriched syrup compared to those fed with a pure sucrose syrup. Besides, the anti-Nosema effect of A. bisporus extract was greatest when applied from the third day which coincides with the time of infection with N. ceranae. Daily food consumption did not differ between the groups indicating good acceptability and palatability of the extract. A. bisporus extract showed a stimulative effect on four out of five monitored genes. Both anti-Nosema and nutrigenomic effects of A. bisporus extract were observed when supplementation started at the moment of N. ceranae infection or preventively (before or simultaneously with the infection).",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Insects",
title = "Effects of agaricus bisporus mushroom extract on honey bees infected with nosema ceranae",
number = "10",
pages = "915",
volume = "12",
doi = "10.3390/insects12100915"
}

Glavinić, U., Rajković, M., Vunduk, J., Vejnović, B., Stevanović, J., Milenković, I.,& Stanimirović, Z.. (2021). Effects of agaricus bisporus mushroom extract on honey bees infected with nosema ceranae. in Insects
MDPI., 12(10), 915.
https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12100915

Glavinić U, Rajković M, Vunduk J, Vejnović B, Stevanović J, Milenković I, Stanimirović Z. Effects of agaricus bisporus mushroom extract on honey bees infected with nosema ceranae. in Insects. 2021;12(10):915.
doi:10.3390/insects12100915 .

Glavinić, Uroš, Rajković, Milan, Vunduk, Jovana, Vejnović, Branislav, Stevanović, Jevrosima, Milenković, Ivanka, Stanimirović, Zoran, "Effects of agaricus bisporus mushroom extract on honey bees infected with nosema ceranae" in Insects, 12, no. 10 (2021):915,
https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12100915 . .