TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kurz, Mirjam
AU  - Carnal, Simon
AU  - Dafny-Yelin, Mery
AU  - Mairesse, Orly
AU  - Gottsberger, Richard A.
AU  - Ivanović, Milan
AU  - Grahovac, Mila
AU  - Lagonenko, Alexander L.
AU  - Drenova, Nataliya
AU  - Zharmukhamedova, Galiya
AU  - Doolotkeldieva, Tinatin
AU  - Smits, Theo H. M.
AU  - Rezzonico, Fabio
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://aspace.agrif.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5916
AB  - Fire blight is the most devastating disease affecting pome fruit production globally. The pathogen is native to North America and was imported to western Europe in the 1950s, progressively spreading over the continent in the ensuing decades. Previous phylogenetic studies have revealed the extreme genetic homogeneity of the pathogen outside its center of origin, which makes epidemiological studies difficult. These are generally only possible using hypervariable regions of the genome such as those represented by CRISPRs (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), which are, however, not practical to sequence due to their size and variability. Here, we present a simple PCR assay targeting the duplication of a single CRISPR spacer in Erwinia amylovora that was found to be an important marker to discriminate between two main European populations of the pathogen. We implemented the assay on a total of 582 isolates to follow the spread of fire blight across the continent over several decades and, wherever possible, within single countries. The results obtained point to the occurrence of two major separate introduction events for E. amylovora in Europe that occurred approximately 20 years apart, and confirmed the existence of two principal distribution areas located in Northeastern Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean Basin from which the pathogen moved on to colonize the Eurasian continent.
PB  - BioMed Central Ltd
T2  - Phytopathology Research
T1  - Tracking the dissemination of Erwinia amylovora in the Eurasian continent using a PCR targeted on the duplication of a single CRISPR spacer
IS  - 1
SP  - 18
VL  - 3
DO  - 10.1186/s42483-021-00096-9
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kurz, Mirjam and Carnal, Simon and Dafny-Yelin, Mery and Mairesse, Orly and Gottsberger, Richard A. and Ivanović, Milan and Grahovac, Mila and Lagonenko, Alexander L. and Drenova, Nataliya and Zharmukhamedova, Galiya and Doolotkeldieva, Tinatin and Smits, Theo H. M. and Rezzonico, Fabio",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Fire blight is the most devastating disease affecting pome fruit production globally. The pathogen is native to North America and was imported to western Europe in the 1950s, progressively spreading over the continent in the ensuing decades. Previous phylogenetic studies have revealed the extreme genetic homogeneity of the pathogen outside its center of origin, which makes epidemiological studies difficult. These are generally only possible using hypervariable regions of the genome such as those represented by CRISPRs (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), which are, however, not practical to sequence due to their size and variability. Here, we present a simple PCR assay targeting the duplication of a single CRISPR spacer in Erwinia amylovora that was found to be an important marker to discriminate between two main European populations of the pathogen. We implemented the assay on a total of 582 isolates to follow the spread of fire blight across the continent over several decades and, wherever possible, within single countries. The results obtained point to the occurrence of two major separate introduction events for E. amylovora in Europe that occurred approximately 20 years apart, and confirmed the existence of two principal distribution areas located in Northeastern Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean Basin from which the pathogen moved on to colonize the Eurasian continent.",
publisher = "BioMed Central Ltd",
journal = "Phytopathology Research",
title = "Tracking the dissemination of Erwinia amylovora in the Eurasian continent using a PCR targeted on the duplication of a single CRISPR spacer",
number = "1",
pages = "18",
volume = "3",
doi = "10.1186/s42483-021-00096-9"
}

Kurz, M., Carnal, S., Dafny-Yelin, M., Mairesse, O., Gottsberger, R. A., Ivanović, M., Grahovac, M., Lagonenko, A. L., Drenova, N., Zharmukhamedova, G., Doolotkeldieva, T., Smits, T. H. M.,& Rezzonico, F.. (2021). Tracking the dissemination of Erwinia amylovora in the Eurasian continent using a PCR targeted on the duplication of a single CRISPR spacer. in Phytopathology Research
BioMed Central Ltd., 3(1), 18.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-021-00096-9

Kurz M, Carnal S, Dafny-Yelin M, Mairesse O, Gottsberger RA, Ivanović M, Grahovac M, Lagonenko AL, Drenova N, Zharmukhamedova G, Doolotkeldieva T, Smits THM, Rezzonico F. Tracking the dissemination of Erwinia amylovora in the Eurasian continent using a PCR targeted on the duplication of a single CRISPR spacer. in Phytopathology Research. 2021;3(1):18.
doi:10.1186/s42483-021-00096-9 .

Kurz, Mirjam, Carnal, Simon, Dafny-Yelin, Mery, Mairesse, Orly, Gottsberger, Richard A., Ivanović, Milan, Grahovac, Mila, Lagonenko, Alexander L., Drenova, Nataliya, Zharmukhamedova, Galiya, Doolotkeldieva, Tinatin, Smits, Theo H. M., Rezzonico, Fabio, "Tracking the dissemination of Erwinia amylovora in the Eurasian continent using a PCR targeted on the duplication of a single CRISPR spacer" in Phytopathology Research, 3, no. 1 (2021):18,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-021-00096-9 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ismail, Emadeldeen
AU  - Blom, Jochen
AU  - Bultreys, Alain
AU  - Ivanović, Milan
AU  - Obradović, Aleksa
AU  - van Doorn, Joop
AU  - Bergsma-Vlami, Maria
AU  - Maes, Martine
AU  - Willems, Anne
AU  - Duffy, Brion
AU  - Stockwell, Virginia O.
AU  - Smits, Theo H.M.
AU  - Pulawska, Joanna
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://aspace.agrif.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3470
AB  - Recent genome analysis of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease on Rosaceae, has shown that the chromosome is highly conserved among strains and that plasmids are the principal source of genomic diversity. A new circular plasmid, pEA68, was found in E. amylovora strain 692 (LMG 28361), isolated in Poland from Sorbus (mountain ash) with fire blight symptoms. Annotation of the 68,763-bp IncFIIa-type plasmid revealed that it contains 79 predicted CDS, among which two operons (tra, pil) are associated with mobility. The plasmid is maintained stably in E. amylovora and does not possess genes associated with antibiotic resistance or known virulence genes. Curing E. amylovora strain 692 of pEA68 did not influence its virulence in apple shoots nor amylovoran synthesis. Of 488 strains of E. amylovora from seventeen countries, pEA68 was only found in two additional strains from Belgium. Although the spread of pEA68 is currently limited to Europe, pEA68 comprises, together with pEA72 and pEA78 both found in North America, a new plasmid family that spans two continents.
PB  - Springer, New York
T2  - Archives of Microbiology
T1  - A novel plasmid pEA68 of Erwinia amylovora and the description of a new family of plasmids
EP  - 899
IS  - 12
SP  - 891
VL  - 196
DO  - 10.1007/s00203-014-1028-5
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ismail, Emadeldeen and Blom, Jochen and Bultreys, Alain and Ivanović, Milan and Obradović, Aleksa and van Doorn, Joop and Bergsma-Vlami, Maria and Maes, Martine and Willems, Anne and Duffy, Brion and Stockwell, Virginia O. and Smits, Theo H.M. and Pulawska, Joanna",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Recent genome analysis of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease on Rosaceae, has shown that the chromosome is highly conserved among strains and that plasmids are the principal source of genomic diversity. A new circular plasmid, pEA68, was found in E. amylovora strain 692 (LMG 28361), isolated in Poland from Sorbus (mountain ash) with fire blight symptoms. Annotation of the 68,763-bp IncFIIa-type plasmid revealed that it contains 79 predicted CDS, among which two operons (tra, pil) are associated with mobility. The plasmid is maintained stably in E. amylovora and does not possess genes associated with antibiotic resistance or known virulence genes. Curing E. amylovora strain 692 of pEA68 did not influence its virulence in apple shoots nor amylovoran synthesis. Of 488 strains of E. amylovora from seventeen countries, pEA68 was only found in two additional strains from Belgium. Although the spread of pEA68 is currently limited to Europe, pEA68 comprises, together with pEA72 and pEA78 both found in North America, a new plasmid family that spans two continents.",
publisher = "Springer, New York",
journal = "Archives of Microbiology",
title = "A novel plasmid pEA68 of Erwinia amylovora and the description of a new family of plasmids",
pages = "899-891",
number = "12",
volume = "196",
doi = "10.1007/s00203-014-1028-5"
}

Ismail, E., Blom, J., Bultreys, A., Ivanović, M., Obradović, A., van Doorn, J., Bergsma-Vlami, M., Maes, M., Willems, A., Duffy, B., Stockwell, V. O., Smits, T. H.M.,& Pulawska, J.. (2014). A novel plasmid pEA68 of Erwinia amylovora and the description of a new family of plasmids. in Archives of Microbiology
Springer, New York., 196(12), 891-899.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-014-1028-5

Ismail E, Blom J, Bultreys A, Ivanović M, Obradović A, van Doorn J, Bergsma-Vlami M, Maes M, Willems A, Duffy B, Stockwell VO, Smits TH, Pulawska J. A novel plasmid pEA68 of Erwinia amylovora and the description of a new family of plasmids. in Archives of Microbiology. 2014;196(12):891-899.
doi:10.1007/s00203-014-1028-5 .

Ismail, Emadeldeen, Blom, Jochen, Bultreys, Alain, Ivanović, Milan, Obradović, Aleksa, van Doorn, Joop, Bergsma-Vlami, Maria, Maes, Martine, Willems, Anne, Duffy, Brion, Stockwell, Virginia O., Smits, Theo H.M., Pulawska, Joanna, "A novel plasmid pEA68 of Erwinia amylovora and the description of a new family of plasmids" in Archives of Microbiology, 196, no. 12 (2014):891-899,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-014-1028-5 . .