Technical equipment with mechanization on medium-sized family farms

Abstract

The work investigated the equipment of tractors, attachments and combines in a medium-sized family farm. The research was conducted on the registered family farm "Đurković" in the village of Čestin in the municipality of Knić. The farm cultivates arable and forage crops for feeding dairy cows and fattening oxen on an area of 44 ha. In the sowing structure, meadows are the most represented with 20 ha (45.45%), alfalfa 5 ha (11.36%), silage maize 3 ha (6.83%) and perko 0.4 ha (0.91%). The farm also grows barley on 2 ha, wheat on 1.5 ha, soybeans on 0.7 ha, oats on 0.4 ha, and peppers for processing on 40 ares. The production process is carried out with three tractors, 22 implements, a self-propelled combine for small grains and a combine for silage. One tractor with an average engine power of 41.4 kV works 14.67 ha of available land with 7.33 attachments. The total available power of the tractor engine is 129.43 kW, and the energy equipment of the farm is 2.94 kW/ha, which is the average of family farms in Serbia. If the combine engine power for small grain and silage were added, the energy equipment would increase to 7.85 kV/ha. Combines are underutilized because they are used only for subsistence. The average age of mechanization is over 40 years, so replacement and purchase of new agricultural machinery is not possible.