Significance of artificial grasslands in the sustainable development of mountain regions of Republic of Serbia

Abstract

Significance and role of grasslands in the sustainable development of mountain regions of the Republic of Serbia can be considered immeasurable from the point of production of wholesome food safety, environmental protection and activation of human potential to the pooling and strengthening of livestock activities, and therefore in the development of mountain regions. The work will be shown the importance of encouraging the introduction of artificial grasslands on the basis of previous data on surface areas and yields of natural meadows and pastures of mountain regions in the period from 2010 to 2012. Surface and above ground biomass yield on the meadows and pastures in the reporting period are reduced, which can be a result of abandonment of rural holdings spontaneous withering away, which had a negative impact on yields and quality of natural grasslands due to lack of use. In order to repair natural grasslands and prevent the loss of certain plant species from natural cover, it is necessary to implement meliorative measures which can improve forage production on grasslands. As a way to repair the states and the introduction of artificial grasslands, which along with a balanced relationship in the proportion of grasses and legumes creates a stable cover and reduces the use of chemicals and mineral nutrients. Thus a quality basis for sustainable development and crop and livestock production in mountainous regions.

Značaj i uloga travnjaka u održivom razvoju planinskih regiona Republike Srbije se može smatrati nemerljivom sa aspekta proizvodnje zdravstevno bezbedne hrane, očuvanja životne sredine i aktiviranja ljudskog potencijala ka udruživanju i jačanju stočarske delatnosti, a samim tim i u razvoju planinskog regiona. U radu će biti prikazan značaj podsticanja uvođenja sejanih travnjaka na osnovu dosadašnjih podataka o površinama i prinosu prirodnih livada i pašnjaka planinskih regiona u periodu od 2010. do 2012. godine. Površine i prinos nadzemne biomase na livadama i pašnjacima u posmatranom periodu se smanjuju, što može biti posledica prepuštanja seljačkih gazdinstava spontanom odumiranju, što se negativno odrazilo na smanjenje prinosa i kvaliteta prirodnih travnjaka zbog nedovoljnog korišćenja. U cilju popravke prirodnih travnjaka i sprečavanja gubitka pojedini biljnih vrsta iz prirodnog pokrivača, neophodno je primeniti meliorativne mere kojima je moguće unaprediti proizvodnju krme na travnjacima. Kao jedan od načina za popravku navodi se i uvođenje sejanih travnjaka, kojima se uz balansiran odnos u udelu trava i leguminoza stvara stabilan pokrivač i smanjuje upotreba hemijskih sredstava i mineralnih hraniva. Tako se stvara kvalitetna baza za održivi razvoj i ratarske i stočarske proizvodnje u planinskim regionima.