Influence of environmental factors on dormansy and germination of weed species

Abstract

This work present two basic biological processes of seed dormancy and germination. Seed dormancy can be characterized as a basic for survival maintenance and expansion in agroecosystem, while, germination is the initial stage of plant development. Based on the research results of a large number of researchers, the work especially shows the behavior of weed seeds in the influence of the most important enviromental factors (water, temperature, light, soil), as well as the laws that govern these processes. Knowing reserves of weed seeds in the soil and their biological and ecological characteristics it is possible to predict when and how many seeds will germinate under certain climatic and soil conditions. A model for the evaluation of the appearance of weed plants and their effective in suppression of a given crop can be made, as well as an assessment on the potential invasiveness of cerain weed species.

U radu su prikazana dva osnovna biološka procesa semena, mirovanje (dormantnost) i klijanje. Mirovanje semena se može okarakterisati kao osnov njegovog preživljavanja, održavanja i širenja u agroekosistemu, dok klijanje predstavlja početnu etapu razvoja biljke. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja velikog broja istraživača u radu je posebno ukazano na ponašanje semena korovskih biljaka pri uticaju najvažnijih faktora spoljašnje sredine (voda, temperatura, svetlost, zemljište), kao i zakonitosti koji vladaju u ovim procesima. Poznavanjem rezervi semena korovskih biljaka u zemljištu i njihovih biološko-ekoloških osobina, moguće je predvideti kada i koliko semena će klijati u određenim klimatskih i zemljišnim uslovima. Odnosno, može se napraviti model za procenu pojave korova i njihovog efikasnog suzbijanja u određenom usevu, kao i procena potencijala invazivnosti neke korovske vrste.