Work quality of silage harvester Fortshritte-286

Abstract

Results of quantitative and qualitative maize plants analysis were presented in the paper. Analyzed maize plants were cut and chopped by hand, into pieces of app. 5 mm. In every separate sample plant part content of dry matter was measured. By qualitative analysis was determined the content of crude proteins, crude fats, crude cellulose and crude ash, and the values of BEM and metabolic net energy were calculated. Besides, additionally were conducted measurements of: plant height, stalk thickness, cob height, plants number, yield per hectare, moving speed, cut height, time duration of trailer loading, trailer weight and harvester efficiency. Apart of those, losses of chopped material during the trailer loading were measured. Examined maize hybrids contained, in the stalk up to the height of 20 cm, 83,34% moisture and less metabolic energy, only 1,47 MJ/kg, compared to the rest of the plant with 3,53 MJ/kg. High correlation dependency between moving speed and cutting height was found. It was concluded that, during the harvesting, is not necessary to limit the working speed because of losses caused by increased cutting height. Increased cutting height from 12 to 20 cm would cause increment of the working speed, mass flow and harvester efficiency. Transport trailers must have large volume of transport space because of lower transport and loading losses. The chopping length that harvester achieved has fulfilled the technological requirements.

U radu su prikazani rezultati kvantitativne i kvalitativne analize biljaka zastupljenih hibrida kukuruza. Biljke kukuruza za kvantitativnu i kvalitativnu analizu su ručno odsecane i usitnjavane na oko 5 mm. U svakom od navedenih delova uzorka određen je sadržaj suvih materija. Kvalitativnom analizom određivan je sadržaj sirovih proteina, sirovih masti, sirove celuloze i sirovog pepela, a računskim putem određene su vrednosti za BEM i metabolička neto energija. Pored toga izvršena su još i merenja: visine biljaka, debljine stabla, visina klipa, broj biljaka, prinos po hektaru, brzina kretanja, visina reza, vreme utovara prikolice, težina prikolice, propusna moć i učinak kombajna. Posebno su mereni gubici iseckane mase pri utovaru u transportno sredstvo. Ispitivani hibridi kukuruza u stablu do visine od 20 cm sadrže 83,34% vlage i najmanje neto metaboličke energije, svega 1,47 MJ/kg u odnosu na ostali deo biljke sa 3,53 MJ/kg. Postoji visoka korelaciona zavisnost između brzine kretanja i visine reza. Zaključeno je da kombajniranjem ne treba ograničavati radnu brzinu zbog gubitaka na povećanu visinu reza. Povećanje visine reza sa 12-20 cm povećala bi se radna brzina, protok mase i učinak kombajna. Transportna sredstva moraju imati veliku zapreminu utovarnog prostora jer su manji gubici pri utovaru i transportu. Ostvarenom dužinom seckanja kombajn je zadovoljio tehnološke zahteve.