Potential migration of phthalates from different polymers into food

Abstract

Plastic materials are commonly used for food packaging due to their excellent physicalmechanical, thermal, chemical, and barrier properties. They are also easy to process, can be combined with other materials, and are cost-effective. In order to improve flexibility, transparency, and durability, plasticizers such as phthalates can be added to the chemically stable polymers. The detection and determination of phthalates in articles of general use is crucial as they account for up to 50% of the mass and can easily migrate due to their physical and chemical properties. Exposure to phthalates can lead to various health problems, e.g. allergic diseases, asthma, thyroid dysfunction, fertility issues, endocrine disorders, and cardiovascular disease. There are several factors (temperature, ultraviolet radiation, ultrasound, mechanical forces, etc.) that influence the migration of phthalates. Thus, food products can be contaminated with phthalates by migration from plastic packaging. Therefore, it is important to investigate the migration of phthalates from plastic items and packaging into food. Packaging materials and packaging used in the food industry must be tested to ensure that they do not pose a health risk. The legal framework relating to these materials was created to ensure the safety of food that is consumed and sold.