Doprinos prehrambene industrije privrednom razvoju Republike Srbije i odabranih evropskih zemalja

Abstract

Prehrambena industrija predstavlja značajan segment prehrambenog sistema, čija je osnovna uloga da osigura zadovoljavanje prehrambenih potreba stanovništva. Predmet istraživanja u radu je analiza značaja prehrambene industrije u privrednom razvoju Republike Srbije u periodu 2016-2020. godina. Cilj istraživanja je da se na osnovu odabranih indikatora izvrši komparacija doprinosa prehrambene industrije privrednom razvoju u Republici Srbiji i pojedinim evropskim zemljama. Pored opštih naučnih metoda, u radu se primenjuju matematičko-statističke metode za obračun odabranih indikatora i komparativni metod za njihovo poređenje. Prehrambena industrija Republike Srbije učestvuje sa preko 22% u bruto dodatoj vrednosti prerađivačke industrije. Proizvodnjom prehrambenih proizvoda i pića se bavi oko 3.300 preduzeća koja zapošljavaju preko 100 hiljada ljudi, što čini skoro 5% ukupnog broja zaposlenih. Učešće poljoprivredno-prehrambenih proizvoda u spoljno-trgovinskoj razmeni Republike Srbije se kreće oko 20% u izvozu i 8% u uvozu. Komparacijom dobijenih rezultata sa istim indikatorima u odabranim evropskim zemljama utvđeno je da prehrambena industrija u Republici Srbiji ima značajnu ulogu u privrednom razvoju i da je njen doprinos viši u odnosu na doprinos u većini analiziranih zemalja, što je uslovljeno dostignutim stepenom ukupne privredne razvijenosti zemlje, kao i prirodno datom resursnom osnovom.

The food industry represents an important segment of the food system, whose main role is to ensure that the population's nutritional needs are met. The subject of research in the paper is the analysis of the importance of the food industry in the economic development of the Republic of Serbia in the period 2016-2020. year. The aim of the research is to compare the contribution of the food industry to economic development in the Republic of Serbia and certain European countries based on selected indicators. In addition to general scientific methods, in the paper are applied mathematical and statistical methods for calculating selected indicators and a comparative method for comparing them. The food industry of the Republic of Serbia participates with over 22% in the gross added value of the processing industry. About 3,300 companies that employ over 100,000 people, which makes up almost 5% of the total number of employees, are engaged in the production of food products and beverages. The share of agricultural and food products in the foreign trade of the Republic of Serbia is around 20% in exports and 8% in imports. By comparing the obtained results with the same indicators in selected European countries, it was found that the food industry in the Republic of Serbia plays a significant role in economic development and that its contribution is higher compared to the contribution in most of the analyzed countries, which is conditioned by the level of overall economic development of the country, as and naturally given resource base.