Osetljivost novijih sorti trešnje na podlozi Gizela 5 na zimske mrazeve

Abstract

toku dve uzastopne zime (2008/2009 i 2009/2010) na području Šapca zabeležene su apsolutne minimalne temperature vazduha -16,3°C i -19,3°C. Ispitivan je uticaj ovih temperatura na izmrzavanje cvetnih pupoljaka kod 15 novijih sorti trešnje kalemljenih na podlozi Gizela 5. U prvoj godini prosečno izmrzavanje cvetnih pupoljaka iznosilo je 22%, dok je u drugoj godini bilo oko tri puta veće i iznosilo je 65%. Najveću otpornost na zimske mrazeve pokazale su sorte Regina, Čelan, Erli star, Samersan i Kordija. Pokazatelji generativnog potencijala (obilnost cvetanja, broj cvetova u cvasti i prinos po stablu) su imali znatno više vrednosti u prvoj godini ispitivanja u odnosu na drugu.

During the two consecutive winters (2008/2009 and 2009/2010) in the area of Šabac the absolute minimum air temperatures of -16.3°C and -19.3°C were recorded. The effects of these temperatures on the freezing of flower buds were studied in 15 cultivars of sweet cherry, grafted on Gisela 5 rootstock. The average frost damage of flower buds in the first year was 22%, while in the second year it was about three times higher and amounted to 65%. The highest winter cold hardiness was found in cultivars ‘Regina’, ‘Chelan’, ‘Early Star’, ‘Summer Sun’, and ‘Kordia’. On the other hand, the lowest winter cold hardiness was found in cultivars ‘Noire de Meched, ‘Skeena’, ‘Sylvia’, ‘Summit’, and ‘Early Lory’. Indicators of productivity (blooming intensity, number of flowers per cluster, and yield per tree) had considerably more values in the first year than another.