Overview of plant bacterial diseases research in Montenegro

Abstract

Plant production in Montenegro is becoming more important considering limited availability of land, climatic conditions and economic opportunities. The production profitability can be compromised by various plant pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, phytoplasmas, and viruses. Bacterial and phytoplasma incited diseases are the most devastating considering their spread and difficulty to control. In Montenegro, bacterial diseases of plants have not been sufficiently studied. However, several economically important bacteria were reported in the past. Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight of pome fruits is widespread in the continental part of the country, causing significant damage and limiting production of pome fruits and susceptible ornamental plants. Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, the causal agent of citrus blast of mandarin, almost every year, depending on climatic conditions, causes the production losses along Montenegrian coast. Pseudomonas syringae, commonly known as a pathogen of stone fruits, was just studied as a pathogen of sour cherries. The presence of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni on almond trees indicate the need to determine its possible presence in other host plants (peach, nectarine, plum, apricot). Agrobacterium tumefaciens was reported as causal agent of crown gall disease of grapevine. Considering vegetable bacterial diseases, the presence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot and vascular bacterial disease, was confirmed on crucifers. On ornamental plants, Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii was confirmed on oleander, while calla soft rot was caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum.

Biljna proizvodnja u Crnoj Gori dobija sve veći značaj s obzirom na zemljišne, klimatske i ekonomske prilike. Rentabilnost biljne proizvodnje mogu ugroziti različiti patogeni mikroorganizmi kao što su: gljive, bakterije, fitoplazme i virusi. Po značaju, rasprostranjenosti, ali i nemogućnosti uspješne kontrole, izdvajaju se oboljenja bakteriozne i fitoplazmozne prirode. U Crnoj Gori bakterioze biljaka još uvijek nisu dovoljno proučene. Među saopštenjima o pojavi biljnih oboljenja značajnijeg intenziteta prikazano je i nekoliko ekonomski veoma značajnih bakterija. Erwinia amylovora, prouzrokovao bakteriozne plamenjače jabučastih voćaka, široko je rasprostranjena u kontinentalnom dijelu Crne Gore, gde prouzrokuje značajne štete i predstavlja ozbiljnu prijetnju uspešnom gajenju jabučastih voćaka i osjetljivih ukrasnih biljka. Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, prouzrokovao bakteriozne paleži lišća mandarine, gotovo svake godine, u zavisnosti od klimatskih prilika, prouzrokuje štete na Crnogorskom primorju. Pseudomonas syringae, kao opštepoznat patogen koštičavih voćaka, proučen je samo kao patogen višnje. Utvrđeno prisustvo patogena Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni na bademu, nameće potrebu da se utvrdi eventualno prisustvo patogena i u drugim lokalitetima kao i na drugim domaćinima (breskva, nektarina, šljiva, kajsija). Agrobacterium tumefaciens prouzrokuje bakteriozni rak vinove loze. Od povrtarskih biljaka, na kupusnjačama je utvrđeno prisustvo Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris prouzrokovača crne truleži i sudovne bakterioze kupusnjača. Na ukrasnom bilju, kao patogen oleandera utvrđen je Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii prouzrokovao raka oleandera, dok bakterioznu vlažnu trulež kale prouzrokuje Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum.