Economically significant grapevine pseudomycoses and mycoses

Abstract

Grapevine is constantly exposed to different biotic and abiotic agents. Some biotic disease causing agents commonly occur in this old plant cutlure, at higher or lower degree, such as: Plasmopara viticola, causal agent of downy mildew, Erysiphe necator, causal agent of powdery mildew, Botryotinia fuckeliana, causal agent of grey decay. One group of pathogenes, so called inducers of grapevine tree diseases, mostly attack vines more than eight years old, causing their drying out and withering. The most frequent causal agents are: Phomopsis viticola (phomopsis cane and leaf spot), Eutypa lata (gapevine eutypa dieback), fungi from the gender Botryosphaeria (grapevine cancer and drying out) and ESCA (a group of fungi causing drying out - apoplexy or black measles of grapevine). In order to prevent the infection, and successfully control these pathogens, thorough knowledge on pathogens biology and epidemiology is necessary, as well as timely expert reaction with adequate control measures.

Vinova loza je konstantno izložena delovanju različitih agenasa biotičke i abiotičke prirode. Pojedine fitopatogene pseudogljive i gljive javljaju se na ovoj biljnoj vrsti, u većoj ili manjoj meri, svake godine, kao na primer: Plasmopara viticola, prouzrokovač plamenjače, Erysiphe necator, prouzrokovač pepelnice, Botryotinia fuckeliana, prouzrokovač sive truleži, Phomopsis viticola, prouzrokovač crne pegavosti vinove loze. Druga grupa fitopatogenih gljiva, takozvani prouzrokovači bolesti drveta vinove loze, napadaju uglavnom čokote starosti preko pet godina, uzrokujući njihovo sušenje i propadanje. Najčešći prouzrokovači su: Eutypa lata (prouzrokovač eutipoze vinove loze) i ESCA (grupa gljiva prouzrokovača sušenja). Navedeni patogeni svake godine u većoj ili manjoj meri umanjuju prinos i utiču na kvalitet grožđa i vina, uzrokujući značajne ekonomske štete. Njihovo uspešno suzbijanje podrazumeva pre svega dobro poznavanje biologije i epidemiologije svakog prouzrokovača ponaosob, kao i pravovremenu stručnu reakciju, uz preduzimanje adekvatnih mera zaštite.