Rootstock influence on yield, vigor and pomological characteristics of almond cultivars

Abstract

The paper presents results of a study conducted in Surduk during 2014-2016, in almond orchard that reached full production capacity. The trial included three almond cultivars (‘Troito’, ‘Texas’ and ‘Marcona’) grafted onto two rootstocks (cherry plum seedlings and GF 677). Yield, vigor, and pomological characteristics of nut and kernel were evaluated in order to recommend an appropriate rootstock for commercial almond growing. Generally, the trees onto vegetative rootstock GF 677 had higher yield, were vigorous and had higher values of most of studied characteristics than the trees grafted onto generative rootstock. Within the studied cultivars, ‘Texas’ showed the highest values for fruit weight and ratio, while ‘Marcona’ showed the lowest values. On the basis of the results we can recommend GF 677 as suitable rootstock for orchards with standard planting distance (500 trees per hectare), without irrigation, so as for soils containing higher level of lime.

U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja sprovedenog u Surduku u periodu 2014-2016. godina, u zasadu badema u punoj rodnosti. Kod tri sorte badema (Troito, Texas i Marcona) koje su okalemljene na dve podloge (sejanac džanarike i GF 677) ispitivane su sledeće karakteristike: prinos, bujnost stabla i pomološke karakteristike ploda i jezgre. Generalno, stabla na vegetativnoj podlozi GF 677 su bila prinosnija, bujnija i imala su veće prosečne vrednosti za većinu proučavanih pomoloških osobina nego stabla na generativnoj podlozi. Među ispitivanim sortama najveće vrednosti za težinu jezgre i randman utvrđene su kod sorte Texas, a najmanje kod sorte Marcona. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata podloga GF 677 se preporučuje za zasade sa standardnim rastojanjem (do 500 stabala po hektaru) u kojima se navodnjavanje ne primenjuje, kao i za zemljišta sa povećanim sadržajem kreča.