Application of microbiological fertilizer in viticulture: Grape yield and quality of wine cv. Riesling

Abstract

The trial was conducted in variety Riesling-clone 239 grafted on Kober 5 BB rootstock at the "Radmilovac" Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, and Belgrade-Zemun. The vineyard was planted in 1995 on a south-facing slope, with rectangular arrangement of vines 3 x 1 m. The training system is of asymmetric cordon type and mixed-type pruning is practiced. During 2000-2002 investigations, grass cover: forage pea and rye (2:1) was planted side dressed on both sides of vine row. In the same time, at the beginning of vegetation of grapevine, in the vine row microbiological fertilizer (A-Azotobacter chroococcum, AB-Azotobacter chroococcum+Bacillus megaterium, ABC-Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium i Bacillus circulans) incorporated in the top 20 cm of soil (cambysoil). Microbiological fertilizers were soluble in water. In period of inflorescence of pea, in middle of the June, grass cover plowed. Control treatment wasn’t fertilizer. Diverse phenomena have been studied: grape yield per vine and per unit area, number bunches per vine, mean bunch weight, division yield and pruned out cane per vine, contents of sugars and total acids in must; alcohol, extract, total acids, total and free SO2, content of ashes and gale acid. Environmental conditions were warm and arid in period investigation. Microbiological fertilizer Azotobacter chroococcum – A with grass cover: forage pea and rye between roads had the best results of yield and grape quality. Differences between treatment A- Azotobacter chroococcum and control-K in quality of wine and sensorial characteristics of wine were small and mush better than another two treatments AB-Azotobacter chroococcum+Bacillus megaterium, ABC-Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium i Bacillus circulans.

Preporučena sorta za vrhunska vina Rajnski rizling u gročanskom vinogorju nalazi se u punom rodu. Okalemljena je na podlozi Kober 5 BB i posađena na zemljištu tipa normalne gajnjače – kambisol. Sadržaj ukupnog azota iznosi 0.1-0.15 %. Obezbeđenost lakopristupačnim kalijumom varira između 12.3-15 mg/100g v.s.z2, odnosno fosfora 0.4-3.6 mg/100g v.s.z u sloju do 40 cm. U radu je korišćeno mikrobiološko đubrivo - biopreparat pripremljen od mešanih populacija Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium i Bacillus circulans. Prostor u redu je jalovi ugar, a prostor između redova zasejavan je svake godine (mart-april) smešom semena stočnog graška i ječma i u fazi cvetanja leguminoze zaoravan.Prinos grožđa varirao je između 8772-6804 kg/ha. Mikrobiološko đubrivo sa Azotobacterom ostvarilo je najviši prinos, u kontrole najniži gde je između redova samo zasejavana smeša trava. Izrazito suvi klimatski uslovi u periodu ispitivanja uticali su da prinos grožđa u sorte Rizling rajnski bude nizak. U kombinaciji đubriva Bacillus megaterium + Bacillus circulans dobijeno je vino sa najviše etanola, ekstrakta, polifenola. Tipičan ukus karakterističan je za vino u kontrole.