Economically important virus disease of pepper in Serbia

Abstract

The number of virus species infecting pepper crops and their incidences has increased considerably over the past 30 years. This is probably due to a combination of factors, including the expansion and intensification of pepper cultivation, the increased global trade of plant material carrying viruses and vectors to new locations, and climate change expanding the geographic range suitable for the viruses and vectors. About 68 viruses are known to infect peppers worldwide. Most pepper viruses are distributed worldwide with the exception of viruses that have been reported only in certain geographic areas. Virus-infected peppers generally cxhibit a variety of symptoms, the most common of which are mosaic, mottle, necrosis and leaf distortion with consequent reductions in crop growth and yield. More than half of known pepper viruses are transmitted by aphids, and the other common pepper viruses are transmitted by whiteflies, thrips, or by contact and/or through the soil. In Serbia, the presence of five viruses: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), with the prevalence of CMV and PVY. Some of these viruses cause considerable yield losses. For each economically important virus in Serbia, control measures are reported here.

Brojnost virusa koji zaražavaju papriku, kao i učestalost njihove pojave, značajno se povećala poslednjih 30 godina. Uzrok tome je, verovatno, kombinacija različitih faktora, kao što su ekspanzija i intenzivnije gajenje paprike, povećan obim međunarodne trgovine biljnog materijala čime je povećan rizik unošenja virusa i njihovih vektora u nove regione sveta i lokalitete, kao i klimatske promene koje odgovaraju širenju virusa i njihovih vektora. Do sada je utvrđeno da 68 virusa može da zarazi papriku. Većina virusa paprike je raširena celim svetom, ali ima i izuzetaka, koji su prisutni samo u određenim delovima sveta. Virusi paprike izazivaju ispoljavanje različitih tipova simptoma, a najčešći su mozaik, šarenilo i deformacija lišća koji imaju za posledicu smanjenje porasta biljaka i prinosa. Više od polovine virusa paprike se prenosi biljnim vašima, a drugi česti virusi se prenose leptirastim vašima, tripsima ili mehanički. U Srbiji je utvrđeno prisustvo pet virusa: virus mozaika krastavca (Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV), virus crtičastog mozaika krompira (Potato virus Y, PVY), virus bronzavosti paradajza (Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus, TSWV), virus mozaika lucerke (Alfalfa mosaic virus, AMV) i virus mozaika duvana (Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV), s tim što su prevalentni CMV i PVY. Neki od tih virusa prouzrokuju značajne gubitke u prinosu. Za svaki ekonomski važan virus u Srbiji navedene su mere kontrole.