Electronic warehouse receipts registry as a step from paper to electronic warehouse receipts

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to determine the economic viability of the electronic warehouse receipt registry introduction, as a step toward electronic warehouse receipts. Both forms of warehouse receipt paper and electronic exist in practice, but paper warehouse receipts are more widespread. In this paper, the dematerialization process is analyzed in two steps. The first step is the dematerialization of warehouse receipt registry, with warehouse receipts still in paper form. The second step is the introduction of electronic warehouse receipts themselves. Dematerialization of warehouse receipts is more complex than that for financial securities, because of the individual characteristics of each warehouse receipt. As a consequence, electronic warehouse receipts are in place for only to a handful of commodities, namely cotton and a few grains. Nevertheless, the movement towards the electronic warehouse receipt, which began several decades ago with financial securities, is now taking hold in the agricultural sector. In this paper is analyzed Serbian electronic registry, since the Serbia is first country in EU with electronic warehouse receipts registry donated by FAO. Performed analysis shows the considerable impact of electronic warehouse receipts registry establishment on enhancing the security of the system of public warehouses, and on advancing the trade with warehouse receipt.

Cilj ovog rada je da se utvrdi ekonomska opravdanost uvođenja elektronske evidencije robnog zapisa, kao koraka ka uvođenju u potpunosti elektronskog robnog zapisa. Obe forme robnog zapisa postoje u praksi, ali je papirni oblik robnog zapisa više u upotrebi. U ovom radu proces dematerijalizacije je analiziran u dva koraka. Prvi je dematerijalizacija knjige robnih zapisa, dok je robni zapis u papirnoj formi. Drugi korak je uvođenje potpunog sistema elektronskog robnog zapisa. Dematerijalizacija robnog zapisa je kompleksnija u odnosu na dematerilalizaciju efektnih hartija od vrednosti zbog individualnih karakteristika svakog robnog zapisa. Kao rezultat ovoga, elektronski sistemi robnih zapisa su retki u svetu i u primeni su za samo nekoliko vrsta roba, poput pamuka i nekoliko vrsta žitarica. Ipak promena od papirnih hartija od vrednosti ka elektronskim u finansijskom sektoru, koja je počela pre nekoliko decenija, sada se intenzivira i u oblasti poljoprivrednih proizvoda. Analize u ovom radu pokazuju značajan uticaj elektronske evidencije robnih zapisa na povećanje sigurnosti sistema javnih skladišta i unapređenje trgovanja robnim zapisima. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br.III 46006.