Integrated weed management in potato

Abstract

An effective weed management program takes into account the type of weeds present, crop rotation, cultivation, available herbicides, and the competitive ability of potato crop. Potato fields should always be tilled after previous crops are harvested to reduce weed seed or propagule production. Further tillage should be done if weeds grow and approach their reproduction stages before potatoes are planted. Competition from early season weeds will reduce yields if they are not controlled within 4 to 6 weeks after the potatoes emerge. The most frequently observed annual and perennial harmful weed species in many potato fi elds in Serbia are the following: Abutilon theophrasti (T4), Amaranthus retrofl exus (T4), Ambrosia atremisiifolia (T4), Cirsium arvense (G3), Chenopodium album (T4), Datura stramonium (T4), Echinochloa crus-galli (T4), Setaria spp. (T4), Sinapis arvensis (T4), Solanum nigrum (T4), Sorghum halepense (G1), Xanthium strumarium (T4), etc. The choice of herbicide for application in potato depends on weed species present, soil type, cultural practices, cultivar grown, and available herbicides. Depending on weeds present in potato crop, several herbicides may be used: dimethenamid, fl urochloridone, pendimethalin, metolachlor, metribuzin, prosulfocarb, linuron, bentazon, rimsulfuron, cycloxydim, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, quizalofop-P-ethyl, fl uazifop- P-butyl, clethodim, etc. Generally speaking, crop rotation and cultivation, fast crop emergence, choice of one of the more competitive potato varieties can be effectively used to plant potato without weeds. .

Efikasno suzbijanje korova u usevu krompira, kao i u ostalim usevima, podrazumeva poznavanje i primenu mera, odnosno postupaka i to: poznavanje korovskih vrsta, poštovanje plodoreda, izvođenje blagovremene i kvalitetne osnovne obrade zemljišta, nega useva, pravovremena i kvalitetna primena herbicida u preporučenim dozama sa visokom efikasnošću i stvaranje što povoljnijih uslova za jačanje konkurentske sposobnosti useva. Konkurentska sposobnost korova u odnosu na usev dolazi do izražaja u početnim fazama rasta i razvića useva tako da kritično vreme u suzbijanju korova nastupa 4-6 nedelja nakon nicanja krompira i ukoliko se u tom periodu korovi ne suzbiju, može doći do značajnih gubitaka u prinosu useva. Najveći problem u usevu krompira prave brojne jednogodišnje i višegodišnje vrste: Abutilon theophrasti (T4), Amaranthus retrofl exus (T4), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (T4), Cirsium arvense (G3), Chenopodium album (T4), Datura stramonium (T4), Echinochloa crus-galli (T4), Setaria spp. (T4), Sinapis arvensis (T4), Solanum nigrum (T4), Sorghum halepense (G1), Xanthium strumarium (T4) i dr. Za hemijsko suzbijanje korova u usevu krompira može se koristiti veći broj preparata na bazi više aktivnih supstanci: dimetenamid, flurohloridon, pendimetalin, metolahlor, metribuzin, prosulfokarb, linuron, bentazon, rimsulfuron, cikloksidim, kvizalofop-P-tefuril, kvizalofop-P-etil, fl uazifop-P-butil, kletodim, propakvizafop i dikvat. Generalno, adekvatan plodored i kvalitetna i pravovremena obrada zemljišta, brzo klijanje, nicanje i porast u početnim fazama, bujne sorte i zdrav usev su dobri preduslovi da krompirište bude nezakorovljeno.