Identification of fruit taste and antioxidant compounds in wild strawberry (F. Vesca L.) and everbearing varieties

Abstract

This study characterizes the fruit quality attributes and illustrates the differences in the content of taste- and some health-related compounds present in wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.), 'Regina' variety selected from the wild everbearing form of F. vesca var. semperflorens, and commercial everbearing variety 'Irma' bred by hybridization. 'Regina' yielded the highest fructose and glucose content (14,44 and 10,85 mg g-1 FW, respectively), whereas the highest content of succrose was recorded in F. vesca (19,04 mg g-1 FW). Citric acid was determined to be a major organic acid in F. vesca and 'Regina' (11,04 i 15,09 mg g-1 FW, respectively). However, content of citric and malic acid exhibited almost identical values in everbearing variety 'Irma'. Among the phenolics measured, free ellagic acid was most abundant in achenes of strawberry variety 'Regina' (151,36 μg g-1 FW), whereas the highest amounts of pelargonidin-3-glucoside i cyanidin- 3-glucoside were detected in fruits of F. vesca. Similar trend was observed with total phenolic content, which expressed the highest value in achenes of strawberry variety 'Regina' (128,19 mg eqv. GA g-1 FW), but by analysing data obtained only for fruit flesh the highest value of total phenolics was obtained in F. vesca (10,30 mg eqv. GA g-1 FW). Accordingly, the highest level of antioxidant capacity was observed in achenes of strawberry variety 'Regina' (8,04 mg eqv. ask. g-1 FW), followed by fruit flesh of F. vesca (2,70 mg eqv. ask. g-1 FW).

Rad prikazuje rezultate ispitivanja važnih parametara kvaliteta ploda i ilustruje razlike u sadržaju komponenti ukusa i izvesnih zdravstveno-promotivnih komponenti prisutnih u plodovima šumske jagode (F. vesca L.), sorte 'Regina' selekcionisane od stalnorađajuće forme F. vesca var. semperflorens i komercijalne stalnorađajuće sorte 'Irma' dobijene planskom hibridizacijom. Sorta 'Regina' je ispoljila najveći sadržaj fruktoze (14,44 mg g-1 sv. m. pl.) i glukoze (10,85 mg g-1 sv. m. pl.), dok je najveći sadržaj saharoze imala šumska jagoda (19,04 mg g-1 sv. m. pl.). Limunska kiselina je dominantno zastupljena organska kiselina u plodovima šumske jagode i sorte 'Regina' (11,04 i 15,09 mg g-1 sv. m. pl., po redosledu). Međutim, kod sorte 'Irma' sadržaj limunske i jabuč ne kiseline je pokazao skoro identične vrednosti. Među proučavanim fenolnim jedinjenjima, vrlo visok sadržaj slobodne elaginske kiseline dobijen je u ahenijama ploda kod sorte 'Regina' (151,36 μg g-1 sv. m. pl.), dok su najveće količine pigmenata pelargonidin-3-glukozida i cianidin-3-glukozida registrovane u plodu šumske jagode. Sličan trend se zapaža i kod sadržaja ukupnih fenola, koji je ispoljio najvišu vrednost u ahenijama sorte 'Regina' (128,19 mg ekv. GA g-1 sv. m. pl.), a analizirajući samo mezokarp ploda najviša vrednost je registrovana kod šumske jagode (10,30 mg ekv. GA g-1 sv. m. pl.). Shodno tome, najveću antioksidativnu aktivnost ispoljile su ahenije ploda sorte 'Regina' (8,04 mg ekv. ask. g-1 sv. m. pl.), a zatim mezokarp ploda šumske jagode (2,70 mg ekv. ask. g-1 sv. m. pl.).