Some properties of terra rossa soils at wild pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariaefolium Trev.) habitats in Montenegro

Abstract

Investigation of terra rossa soils at wild pyrethrum habitats was carried out to provide more data and deepen our understan­ding of the species' requirements regarding soil and other ecological factors. Pyrethrum flowers contain pyrethrines, a complex of different compounds with insecticidal properties, which are safe both to humans and the environment. Wild pyrethrum growing on terra rossa soils was found at sites above Lake Skadar and on the southern parts of Cape Trsteno. The main properties of terra rossa at wild pyrethrum habitats in Montenegro are closely related with the character of lime­stone parent rocks and karst declining relief, and they include pronounced rocky surface, very shallow to medium deep solum and limestone coarse fragments in the topsoil of some profiles, which makes the soil permeable for water and rather dry, while the depth at which plants can take root is limited to the top layer of some 20 cm. Humus horizons of terra rossa are neutral to slightly alkaline, while cambic horizons are medium acid to neutral. Humus content in the soil is low, high and very high, the content of total nitrogen is high, available K2O is found in low, medium and high content, while available phosphorus can be found in traces alone. The content of available Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe is very high. .

Istraživanja crvenica kao prirodnih staništa buhača imala su za cilj detaljnije upoznavanje sa zahtevima ove biljne vrste za ekološkim, a među njima i zemljišnim činiocima. Cvet buhača sadrži piretrine - kompleks različitih jedinjenja koja imaju insekticidna svojstva, a istovremeno su bezopasna po čoveka i okolinu. Prirodna staništa buhača na crvenicama smeštena su iznad Skadarskog jezera, na severnim padinama brda Vršuta i Ornije, i na južnim stranama rta Trsteno. Osnovno obeležje crvenicama, kao staništu samoniklog buhača u Crnoj Gori, daju krečnjačka matična stena i kraški padinski reljef - izraženu stenovitost površine, veoma plitak do srednje dubok solum i skeletnost u površinskim delovima nekih profila, zbog čega je zemljište propusne za vodu i suvo, a prostor za ukorenjavanje biljaka ograničen na površinskih dvadesetak centimetara. Humusni horizonti su neutralni i slabo alkalni, a kambični srednje kiseli do neutralni. Zemljišta su slabo, dosta i jako humozna, dobro obezbeđene ukupnim azotom, slabo, srednje i dobro obezbeđene lako mobilnim formama K2O, lako mobilnog fosfora sadrže samo u tragovima, a lako mobilnim Zn, Mn, Cu i Fe su veoma dobro je obezbeđena.