Variability and correlations between yield components of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Abstract

NS soybean cultivars were assessed for variability of and correlations between yield components and the effect of genotype - environment interaction on yield, yield component and morphological characteristics. Experiments were carried out at Rimski Šančevi experiment field in 2009 and 2010. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height (cm), height of first pod (cm), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (kg/ha) and the combined content of oil and protein in grain (%). Combined contents of oil and protein in grain soybean were determined by a non destructive method of near infrared spectroscopy on PERTEN DA 7000 (NIR/VIS Spectrophotometer). The studied characteristics varied significantly depending on genotype and year. The highest yield of 5273 kg/ha was obtained in 2009 with the genotype Victoria. Highest 1000-grain weights, 2009-2010, were achieved with the genotypes Valjevka and Victoria (149.27 g and 147.23 g). Maximum heights of first pod (19.40 cm) were recorded for the genotype Victoria, 2009-2010. Highest protein contents were obtained with the genotypes Valjevka and Victoria, 2009-2010, were and highest oil contents (21.73%) with the genotype Tea. Protein content was positively significantly correlated with 1000-grain weight and negatively significantly correlated with oil content, and negatively correlated with yield and the height of first pod. Oil content was positively correlated with the height of first pod. Thousand-grain weight was negatively highly significantly correlated with oil content in grain and negatively significantly correlated the height of first pod. The results of this study should facilitate further soybean breeding for improved seed yield and protein and oil contents.

U radu je proučavana varijabilnost i međuzavisnost komponenti prinosa i interakcija genotip spoljna sredina kod NS sorti soje. Istraživanje je izvedeno na Oglednom polju u Rimskim Šančevima tokom 2009. i 2010. godine. Ispitivana su sledeća svojstva: visina biljaka (cm) i visina prve mahune (cm), masa 1000 zrna (g) i prinos zrna soje (kg/ha) i sadržaj ukupnih proteina i ulja u zrnu (%). Sadržaj ukupnih proteina i ulja u zrnu soje određen je metodom infracrvene spektroskopije na aparatu PERTEN DA 7000, (NIR/VIS Spektrofotometar) nedestruktivnom metodom, na principu NIR (Near Infra Red) tehnike. Sva proučavana svojstva signifikantno su varirala u zavisnosti od genotipa i godine. Najveći prinos 5.273 kg/ha u 2009.oj godini dao je genotip Victoria. Najveću masu 1000 zrna imali su genotipovi Valjevka i Victoria (149,27 gr i 147,23 gr) u obe godine. Najveću visinu prve mahune imao je genotip Victoria (19,40 cm), 2009.- 2010. Najveći sadržaj proteina imali su genotipovi Valjevka i Victoria, dok je najveći sadržaj ulja imao genotip Tea (21,73 %). Sadržaj proteina bio je u pozitivnoj statistički značajnoj korelaciji sa masom 1000 zrna, a u negativnoj statistički značajnoj korelaciji sa sadržajem ulja, i negativnoj sa prinosom i visinom prve mahune. Sadržaj ulja bio je u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa visinom prve mahune, a u negativnoj ali statistički visoko značajnoj korelaciji sa masom 1000 zrna. Masa 1000 zrna bila je u negativnoj statistički značajnoj korelaciji sa visinom prve mahune. Ova istraživanja predstavljaju osnov za dalje oplemenjivanje soje, poboljšanog prinosa semena i sadržaja proteina i ulja.