Economic effects of the application of new types of machines and tools for the arrangement of soil's surface and depth in wheat production

Abstract

In market conditions of business operations the main criterion of successful agricultural production is achieved economic results. However, the question of preservation and rational use of natural resources, especially soil, is increasingly raised. The need of preservation and rational use of natural resources, such as soil, requires the elimination of the usual practice of production and application of new technologies as well as new types of machines and tools. Nonetheless, new cultivation technologies and new machines and tools will be widely adopted and successfully applied in practice if the necessary verification of positive technical, technological and economic effects obtained through appropriate scientific researches is provided. Bearing this in mind, the aim of this paper is to examine the economic effects of prolonged effect of new technology and new types of machines and tools for the arrangement of soil's surface and depth in wheat production. In this sense, it is determined that a change in cultivation technology and application of new machines and tools in the first year of conducting the experiment has a positive prolonged effect in the second year of conducting the experiment as well, which is reflected in a reduction of variable costs per kilogram of produced wheat by 23.57%. The conducted research and results obtained in this analysis represent a continuation of research of economic effects of the application of new machines and tools for the arrangement of soil's surface and depth in individual crop production (a previous study included corn and sunflower). The obtained results indicate the need to expand research to other important crops.

U tržišnim uslovima poslovanja osnovno merilo uspešnosti poljoprivredne proizvodnje su ostvareni ekonomski rezultati. Međutim, sve glasnije se postavlja pitanje očuvanja i racionalnog korišćenja prirodnih resursa, posebno zemljišta. Potreba očuvanja i racionalnog korišćenja neobnovljivih prirodnih resursa, kao što je zemljište, zahteva eliminisanje uobičajene prakse proizvodnje i primenu novih tehnologija obrade i novih mašina i oruđa. Ipak, da bi nove tehnologije obrade i nove mašine i oruđa bili masovno prihvaćeni i uspešno primenjeni u praksi, potrebna je potvrda ispoljavanja pozitivnih tehničko-tehnoloških i ekonomskih efekata dobijena kroz odgovarajuća naučna istraživanja. Imajući to u vidu, cilj ovog rada je da se sagledaju ekonomski efekti produženog dejstva primene nove tehnologije obrade i novih mašina i oruđa za uređenje zemljišta po površini i dubini u proizvodnji pšenice. U tom smislu utvrđeno je da promena tehnologije obrade i primena novih mašina i oruđa u prvoj godini izvođenja ogleda ima pozitivno produženo dejstvo u drugoj godini izvođenja ogleda, koje se ogleda u smanjenju varijabilnih troškova po kg proizvedene pšenice za 23,57%. Obavljeno istraživanje i rezultati dobijeni u ovoj analizi predstavljaju nastavak istraživanja ekonomskih efekata primene mašina i oruđa za uređenje zemljišta po površini i dubini u proizvodnji pojedinih kultura kojima su do sada obuhvaćeni kukuruz i suncokret. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na potrebu proširenja istraživanja i na druge značajne poljoprivredne kulture.