Natural process and use of natural matters in organic viticulture

Abstract

During recent years organic viticulture has been developing in the leading viticulture countries worldwide. The organic viticulture has been defined as the application of procedures of organic agriculture in view of increasing the production of top quality grape and wine. All the aspects of the organic viticulture such as cultivating and maintaining the soil, ground cover plants and weed control, balanced nutrition of grapevine, growing systems, disease and pest control are carried out in view of increasing the quality and health safety of wine and table varieties. When making a choice of a cultivar, there are two key factors: an economic indicator-market perspective and characteristics of a cultivar. Traditional varieties are in advantage in comparison to newly created ones, new preparations, improved computerised forecast models contribute to the efficient protection from disease and pests. New I.C./PIWI varieties must show tolerance to low winter temperatures and/or spring frosts, real commercial value through the quality of fruit, wine, juice or table grapes, tolerance to diseases and pests, balanced relationship between fruit and wood ripening. The aim of this paper is to present organic viticulture through integral agroecosystem and traditionally applied procedures in viticulture.

Organsko vinogradarstvo je u porastu poslednjih godina u vodećim vinogradarskim zemljama u svetu. Organsko vinogradarstvo definiše se kao primena postupaka organske poljoprivrede u cilju povećanja proizvodnje grožđa i vina najboljeg mogućeg kvaliteta. Svi aspekti u organskom vinogradarstvu kao što su obrada i održavanje zemljišta, pokrovne vrste u vinogradu i kontrola korova, izbalansirana ishrana vinove loze, sistemi gajenja i kontrola bolesti i štetočina se sprovode u cilju povećanja kvaliteta i zdravstvene bezbednosti vinskih i stonih sorti. Pri izboru sorti, ključna su dva faktora: ekonomski pokazatelj - perspektiva na tržištu i karakteristike sorti. Tradicionalne sorte su u prednosti u poređenju sa novostvorenim, nova sredstva za zaštitu, poboljšani modeli za prognozu doprinose efikasnijoj zaštiti od bolesti i štetočina. Nove I.C./PIWI sorte moraju da ispolje tolerantnost na niske zimske temperature i/ili prolećne mrazeve, realnu komercijalnu vrednost kroz kvalitet ploda, vina, soka ili stonog grožđa, tolerantnost na bolesti i štetočine, skladan odnos između sazrevanja plodova i drveta. Cilj ovog rada je da organsko vinogradarstvo prikaže kroz integralni agroekosistem i tradicionalne postupke u vinogradu.