Bacterial and phytoplasma diseases of stone fruits

Abstract

Stone fruit production represents an important part of fruit growing in Serbia and provides significant profit to fruit growers. How ever, the profit can be compromised by various plant diseases. Those caused by bacteria or phytoplasma can be very difficult to control due to the pathogen nature and lack of efficient treatments. Control of Pseudomonas syringae pvs. syringae and morsprunorum is a serious problem for fruit growers in our country. 'Crown gall' pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens often infects rootstocks and young plants causing great loss in nurseries. Diseases not present in our country, such as bacterial canker of peach, caused by P. s. pv. persicae and bacterial leaf spot of stone fruits caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, are also listed here, since they are described in close proximity and there is a great risk for their introduction. In Serbia, presence of European Stone Fruit Yellows phytoplasma disease on plum and apricot has been confirmed. How ever, it causes less damage than other pathogens. Aim of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of symptomatology and epidemiology of stone fruit bacterial and phytoplasma diseases. This should facilitate proper and timely diagnosis and there fore successful protection measures. .

U voćarstvu naše zemlje koštičave voćke zauzimaju značajno mesto i njihovo gajenje predstavlja profitabilnu delatnost. Međutim, rentabilnost voćarske proizvodnje mogu ugroziti različite biljne bolesti. Po značaju, raširenosti, ali i nemogućnosti uspešne kontrole, izdvajaju se oboljenja bakteriozne i fitoplazmozne prirode. Bakteriozno izumiranje, koje prouzrokuje Pseudomo nas syringae sa svoja dva patogena varijeteta syringae i morsprunorum, zadaje ozbiljne probleme voćarima u našoj zemlji. Značajan prob lem, takođe, predstavlja i Agrobacterium tumefaciens, prouzrokovač bakterioznog raka korena, koji nanosi štete u rasadničarskoj proizvodnji. U radu su pred stavljena i oboljenja koja nisu prisutna u našoj zemlji, a u svetu su opisana kao izuzetno destruktivna. To su bakteriozno izumiranje breskve, koje prouzrokuje P. s. pv. persicae i bakteriozna pegavost lišća koštičavih voćaka, čiji je prouzrokovač Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni. U Srbiji je prisutno i fitoplazmozno oboljenje Evropsko žutilo koštičavih voćaka na kajsiji i šljivi, koje za sada ne predstavlja ozbiljan problem. Cilj rada je da doprinese poznavanju simptomatologije i epidemiologije bakterioznih i fitoplazmoznih oboljenja koštičavih voćaka, kako bi se donela pravilna i pravovremena dijagnoza od koje zavisi uspešnost mera zaštite.