Genetic parameters of yield and morphological fruit and stone properties in apricot

Abstract

Yield, fruit and stone weight and dimensions were studied in 24 apricot cultivars over a four-year period, to determine components of variability, heritability and genetic and phenotypic correlations. The analysis of the components of total variance evidenced that genetic differences between cultivars determined to the highest percentage the variability of fruit height and stone weight and dimensions, whereas the variation of yield, and fruit weight, breadth and thickness was predominantly determined by ecological factors. The values of heritability coefficients, in a broader sense, were found to be relatively high for fruit and stone weight and dimensions (88-93%), and medium for yield (48%). It was established by correlation analysis that all genetic and phenotypic coefficients of correlation between fruit and stone weight and dimensions were positive and statistically very significant. Yield was in a very significant, positive genetic correlation with a majority of studied characters except for fruit breadth. However, the phenotypic coefficients of correlation between those properties were not statistically significant.

Tokom četiri godine, kod 24 sorte kajsije, utvrđeni su prinos, masa i dimenzije (visina, širina i debljina) ploda i koštice. Rezultati analize varijanse su pokazali da je varijabilnost svih proučavanih osobina bila veoma značajno uslovljena i genetičkim i ekološkim faktorima, kao i njihovom interakcijom. Analizom komponenti ukupne varijabilnosti ustanovljeno je da su genetičke razlike među sortama u najvećem procentu uslovile varijabilnost mase koštice (S2g=47%), visine ploda (S2g=45%), visine koštice (S2g=55%), širine koštice (S2g=62%) i debljine koštice (S2g=54%), dok je variranje prinosa (S2y=70%), mase ploda (S2y=44%), širine ploda (S2y=43%) i debljine ploda (S2y=49%) bilo u najvećem procentu uslovljeno ekološkim faktorima. Vrednosti koeficijenata heritabilnosti u širem smislu bile su relativno visoke za masu i dimenzije ploda i koštice (h2=88,5­93,0%), a srednja za prinos (h2=48,3%). Korelacionom analizom ustanovljeno je da su svi koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske korelacije, između mase i dimenzija ploda i koštice, bili pozitivni i statistički veoma značajni. Prinos je bio u veoma značajnoj, pozitivnoj, genetičkoj korelaciji sa većinom proučavanih osobina, osim sa širinom koštice. Međutim fenotipski koeficijenti korelacije između ovih osobina nisu bili statistički značajni.